English
Related papers

Related papers: Understanding Physical Dynamics with Counterfactua…

200 papers

When we humans look at a video of human-object interaction, we can not only infer what is happening but we can even extract actionable information and imitate those interactions. On the other hand, current recognition or geometric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-27 Kiana Ehsani , Shubham Tulsiani , Saurabh Gupta , Ali Farhadi , Abhinav Gupta

Inferring universal laws of the environment is an important ability of human intelligence as well as a symbol of general AI. In this paper, we take a step toward this goal such that we introduce a new challenging problem of inferring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Siyu Huang , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Xi Li , Xiao Wu , Zhongfei Zhang , Alexander Hauptmann

Humans perceive the world through multisensory integration, blending the information of different modalities to adapt their behavior. Contrastive learning offers an appealing solution for multimodal self-supervised learning. Indeed, by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Benoit Dufumier , Javiera Castillo-Navarro , Devis Tuia , Jean-Philippe Thiran

Predictive models are being increasingly used to support consequential decision making at the individual level in contexts such as pretrial bail and loan approval. As a result, there is increasing social and legal pressure to provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Amir-Hossein Karimi , Gilles Barthe , Borja Balle , Isabel Valera

World Action Models (WAMs) have emerged as a promising paradigm for robot control by modeling physical dynamics. Current WAMs generally follow two paradigms: the "Imagine-then-Execute" approach, which uses video prediction to infer actions…

We propose an architecture for training generative models of counterfactual conditionals of the form, 'can we modify event A to cause B instead of C?', motivated by applications in robot control. Using an 'adversarial training' paradigm, an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Simón C. Smith , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Most neural models of causality assume static causal graphs, failing to capture the dynamic and sparse nature of physical interactions where causal relationships emerge and dissolve over time. We introduce the Causal Process Framework and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Turan Orujlu , Christian Gumbsch , Martin V. Butz , Charley M Wu

Visual counterfactual explanations aim to reveal the minimal semantic modifications that can alter a model's prediction, providing causal and interpretable insights into deep neural networks. However, existing diffusion-based counterfactual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Changlu Guo , Anders Nymark Christensen , Anders Bjorholm Dahl , Morten Rieger Hannemose

In model-based learning, the agent learns behaviors by simulating trajectories based on world model predictions. Standard world models typically learn a stationary transition function that maps states and actions to next states, when an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Qinshi Zhang , Weipeng Deng , Zhihan Jiang , Jiaming Qu , Qianren Li , Weitao Xu , Ray LC

Understanding and reasoning about objects' physical properties in the natural world is a fundamental challenge in artificial intelligence. While some properties like colors and shapes can be directly observed, others, such as mass and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhenfang Chen , Shilong Dong , Kexin Yi , Yunzhu Li , Mingyu Ding , Antonio Torralba , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Chuang Gan

Contrastive pretraining can substantially increase model generalisation and downstream performance. However, the quality of the learned representations is highly dependent on the data augmentation strategy applied to generate positive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Mélanie Roschewitz , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Tian Xia , Galvin Khara , Ben Glocker

Visual robotic manipulation research and applications often use multiple cameras, or views, to better perceive the world. How else can we utilize the richness of multi-view data? In this paper, we investigate how to learn good…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Younggyo Seo , Junsu Kim , Stephen James , Kimin Lee , Jinwoo Shin , Pieter Abbeel

Predicting the outcomes of cyber-physical systems with multiple human interactions is a challenging problem. This article reviews a game theoretical approach to address this issue, where reinforcement learning is employed to predict the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Mert Albaba , Yildiray Yildiz

World modelling, i.e. building a representation of the rules that govern the world so as to predict its evolution, is an essential ability for any agent interacting with the physical world. Despite their impressive performance, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Francesco Petri , Luigi Asprino , Aldo Gangemi

Forecasting conditional stochastic nonlinear dynamical systems is a fundamental challenge repeatedly encountered across the biological and physical sciences. While flow-based models can impressively predict the temporal evolution of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Adam P. Generale , Andreas E. Robertson , Surya R. Kalidindi

A core challenge for an agent learning to interact with the world is to predict how its actions affect objects in its environment. Many existing methods for learning the dynamics of physical interactions require labeled object information.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-19 Chelsea Finn , Ian Goodfellow , Sergey Levine

World models promise a paradigm shift in robotics, where an agent learns the underlying physics of its environment once to enable efficient planning and behavior learning. However, current world models are often hardware-locked specialists:…

The ability to model the underlying dynamics of visual scenes and reason about the future is central to human intelligence. Many attempts have been made to empower intelligent systems with such physical understanding and prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Huilin Xu , Tao Chen , Feng Xu

We present a new dataset, Functional Map of the World (fMoW), which aims to inspire the development of machine learning models capable of predicting the functional purpose of buildings and land use from temporal sequences of satellite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Gordon Christie , Neil Fendley , James Wilson , Ryan Mukherjee

Contrastive pretraining is well-known to improve downstream task performance and model generalisation, especially in limited label settings. However, it is sensitive to the choice of augmentation pipeline. Positive pairs should preserve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Melanie Roschewitz , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Tian Xia , Galvin Khara , Ben Glocker