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Training machine learning models can be very expensive or even unaffordable. This may be, for example, due to data limitations, such as unavailability or being too large, or computational power limitations. Therefore, it is a common…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Mohamed E. Hussein , Sudharshan Subramaniam Janakiraman , Wael AbdAlmageed

Hardware Trojans have drawn the attention of academia, industry and government agencies. Effective detection mechanisms and countermeasures against such malicious designs can only be developed when there is a deep understanding of how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Samaneh Ghandali , Thorben Moos , Amir Moradi , Christof Paar

The availability of wide-ranging third-party intellectual property (3PIP) cores enables integrated circuit (IC) designers to focus on designing high-level features in ASICs/SoCs. The massive proliferation of ICs brings with it an increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Nikhil Muralidhar , Abdullah Zubair , Nathanael Weidler , Ryan Gerdes , Naren Ramakrishnan

In this paper, we introduce a Learning Assisted Side Channel delay Analysis (LASCA) methodology for Hardware Trojan detection. Our proposed solution, unlike the prior art, does not require a Golden IC. Instead, it trains a Neural Network to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Ashkan Vakil , Farnaz Behnia , Ali Mirzaeian , Houman Homayoun , Naghmeh Karimi , Avesta Sasan

Trojan attack on deep neural networks, also known as backdoor attack, is a typical threat to artificial intelligence. A trojaned neural network behaves normally with clean inputs. However, if the input contains a particular trigger, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Chong Fu , Xuhong Zhang , Shouling Ji , Ting Wang , Peng Lin , Yanghe Feng , Jianwei Yin

Hardware security has risen in prominence in recent years with concerns stemming from a globalizing semiconductor supply chain and increased third-party IP (intellectual property) usage. Trojan detection is of paramount importance for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Dillon Staub , Rashmi Jha , David Kapp

Neural networks can conceal malicious Trojan backdoors that allow a trigger to covertly change the model behavior. Detecting signs of these backdoors, particularly without access to any triggered data, is the subject of ongoing research and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Todd Huster , Peter Lin , Razvan Stefanescu , Emmanuel Ekwedike , Ritu Chadha

This paper utilizes Reinforcement Learning (RL) as a means to automate the Hardware Trojan (HT) insertion process to eliminate the inherent human biases that limit the development of robust HT detection methods. An RL agent explores the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Amin Sarihi , Ahmad Patooghy , Peter Jamieson , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) provide profitable surfaces for hardware attacks such as hardware Trojans. Hardware Trojans can implement stealthy attacks such as leaking critical information, taking control of devices or harm humans. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Sofia Maragkou , Axel Jantsch

Always-on hardware Trojans pose a serious challenge to integrated circuit trust, as they remain active during normal operation and are difficult to detect in post-deployment settings without trusted golden references. This paper presents a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Mahsa Tahghigh , Hassan Salmani

As modern hardware designs grow in complexity and size, ensuring security across the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) triad becomes increasingly challenging. Information flow tracking (IFT) is a widely-used approach to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Nowfel Mashnoor , Mohammad Akyash , Hadi Kamali , Kimia Azar

Modern IoT and embedded platforms must start execution from a known trusted state to thwart malware, ensure secure firmware updates, and protect critical infrastructure. Current approaches to establish a root of trust depend on secret keys…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Friedrich Doku , Peter Dinda

Verifying the security of masked hardware and software implementations, under advanced leakage models, remains a significant challenge, especially then accounting for glitches, transitions and CPU micro-architectural specifics. Existing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Noé Amiot , Quentin L. Meunier , Karine Heydemann , Emmanuelle Encrenaz

In hardware accelerators used in data centers and safety-critical applications, soft errors and resultant silent data corruption significantly compromise reliability, particularly when upsets occur in control-flow operations, leading to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Tomonari Tanaka , Takumi Uezono , Kohei Suenaga , Masanori Hashimoto

Hardware Trojans are malicious modifications in digital designs that can be inserted by untrusted supply chain entities. Hardware Trojans can give rise to diverse attack vectors such as information leakage (e.g. MOLES Trojan) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Tanzim Mahfuz , Pravin Gaikwad , Tasneem Suha , Swarup Bhunia , Prabuddha Chakraborty

Recently, it has been shown that deep learning models are vulnerable to Trojan attacks, where an attacker can install a backdoor during training time to make the resultant model misidentify samples contaminated with a small trigger patch.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Haripriya Harikumar , Vuong Le , Santu Rana , Sourangshu Bhattacharya , Sunil Gupta , Svetha Venkatesh

True random number generators (TRNGs) are essential components of cryptographic designs, which are used to generate private keys for encryption and authentication, and are used in masking countermeasures. In this work, we present a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Samaneh Ghandali , Daniel Holcomb , Christof Paar

Security graphs model attacks, defenses, mitigations, and vulnerabilities on computer networks and systems. With proper attributes, they provide security metrics using standard graph algorithms. A hyperflow graph is a register-transfer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Andres Meza , Ryan Kastner

Formal verification of floating-point arithmetic remains challenging due to non-linear arithmetic behavior and the tight coupling between control and datapath logic. Existing approaches often rely on high-level C models for equivalence…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Hansa Mohanty , Vaisakh Naduvodi Viswambharan , Deepak Narayan Gadde

Threat detection systems rely on rule-based logic to identify adversarial behaviors, yet the conformance of these rules to high-level threat models is rarely verified formally. We present a formal verification framework that models both…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Dumitru-Bogdan Prelipcean , Cătălin Dima