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Class activation map (CAM) helps to formulate saliency maps that aid in interpreting the deep neural network's prediction. Gradient-based methods are generally faster than other branches of vision interpretability and independent of human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Masud An Nur Islam Fahim , Nazmus Saqib , Shafkat Khan Siam , Ho Yub Jung

Lack of explainability in artificial intelligence, specifically deep neural networks, remains a bottleneck for implementing models in practice. Popular techniques such as Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) provide a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Amil Dravid , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

Image captioning is a technology that produces text-based descriptions for an image. Deep learning-based solutions built on top of feature recognition may very well serve the purpose. But as with any other machine learning solution, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Rishi Kesav Mohan , Sanjay Sureshkumar , Vignesh Sivasubramaniam

Explainable Artificial Intelligence has gained significant attention due to the widespread use of complex deep learning models in high-stake domains such as medicine, finance, and autonomous cars. However, different explanations often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Weronika Hryniewska-Guzik , Luca Longo , Przemysław Biecek

In the context of fine-grained visual categorization, the ability to interpret models as human-understandable visual manuals is sometimes as important as achieving high classification accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel Part-Stacked…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-17 Shaoli Huang , Zhe Xu , Dacheng Tao , Ya Zhang

Traditionally, for most machine learning settings, gaining some degree of explainability that tries to give users more insights into how and why the network arrives at its predictions, restricts the underlying model and hinders performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Robin M. Schmidt

Fine-grained visual classification (FGVC) is becoming an important research field, due to its wide applications and the rapid development of computer vision technologies. The current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods in the FGVC usually…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Shuai Xu , Dongliang Chang , Jiyang Xie , Zhanyu Ma

As an emerging field in Machine Learning, Explainable AI (XAI) has been offering remarkable performance in interpreting the decisions made by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). To achieve visual explanations for CNNs, methods based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Sam Sattarzadeh , Mahesh Sudhakar , Anthony Lem , Shervin Mehryar , K. N. Plataniotis , Jongseong Jang , Hyunwoo Kim , Yeonjeong Jeong , Sangmin Lee , Kyunghoon Bae

This paper proposes a method to modify traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) into interpretable CNNs, in order to clarify knowledge representations in high conv-layers of CNNs. In an interpretable CNN, each filter in a high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Quanshi Zhang , Ying Nian Wu , Song-Chun Zhu

In this paper we propose an implement a general convolutional neural network (CNN) building framework for designing real-time CNNs. We validate our models by creating a real-time vision system which accomplishes the tasks of face detection,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-23 Octavio Arriaga , Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Paul Plöger

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) and its gradient-based variants (e.g., GradCAM) have become standard tools for explaining Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) predictions. However, these approaches typically focus on individual logits, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jacob Piland , Chris Sweet , Adam Czajka

The gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) method can faithfully highlight important regions in images for deep model prediction in image classification, image captioning and many other tasks. It uses the gradients in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Lei Chen , Jianhui Chen , Hossein Hajimirsadeghi , Greg Mori

We propose a CNN based technique that aggregates feature maps from its multiple layers that can localize abnormalities with greater details as well as predict pathology under consideration. Existing class activation mapping (CAM) techniques…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Sumeet Shinde , Tanay Chougule , Jitender Saini , Madhura Ingalhalikar

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) methods have recently gained much attention for weakly-supervised object localization (WSOL) tasks. They allow for CNN visualization and interpretation without training on fully annotated image datasets. CAM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Soufiane Belharbi , Aydin Sarraf , Marco Pedersoli , Ismail Ben Ayed , Luke McCaffrey , Eric Granger

A particular class of Explainable AI (XAI) methods provide saliency maps to highlight part of the image a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model looks at to classify the image as a way to explain its working. These methods provide an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Sam Zabdiel Sunder Samuel , Vidhya Kamakshi , Namrata Lodhi , Narayanan C Krishnan

To solve the problem that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are difficult to process non-grid type relational data like graphs, Kipf et al. proposed a graph convolutional neural network (GCN). The core idea of the GCN is to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Shangsheng Xie , Mingming Lu

Recognizing objects and scenes are two challenging but essential tasks in image understanding. In particular, the use of RGB-D sensors in handling these tasks has emerged as an important area of focus for better visual understanding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Ali Caglayan , Nevrez Imamoglu , Ahmet Burak Can , Ryosuke Nakamura

Deep learning methods are powerful tools but often suffer from expensive computation and limited flexibility. An alternative is to combine light-weight models with deep representations. As successful cases exist in several visual problems,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-09-25 Bin Yang , Junjie Yan , Zhen Lei , Stan Z. Li

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques, such as Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM), have become indispensable for visualizing the reasoning process of deep neural networks in medical image analysis. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Teerapong Panboonyuen

The convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven to be a powerful tool for discriminative learning. Recently researchers have also started to show interest in the generative aspects of CNNs in order to gain a deeper understanding of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-04-10 Jifeng Dai , Yang Lu , Ying-Nian Wu
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