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One of the most basic results in graph theory states that every graph with at least two vertices has two vertices with the same degree. Since there are graphs without $3$ vertices of the same degree, it is natural to ask if for any fixed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-05 Yair Caro , Asaf Shapira , Raphael Yuster

Recently, there have been found new relations between the zero forcing number and the minimum rank of a graph with the algebraic co-rank. We continue on this direction by giving a characterization of the graphs with real algebraic co-rank…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-06 Carlos A. Alfaro

It is well-known that the zero forcing number of a graph provides a lower bound on the minimum rank of a graph. In this paper we bound and characterize the zero forcing number of certain circulant graphs, including some bipartite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-10 Linh Duong , Brenda K. Kroschel , Michael Riddell , Kevin N. Vander Meulen , Adam Van Tuyl

The celebrated theorem of Chung, Graham, and Wilson on quasirandom graphs implies that if the 4-cycle and edge counts in a graph $G$ are both close to their typical number in $\mathbb{G}(n,1/2),$ then this also holds for the counts of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-25 Kiril Bangachev , Guy Bresler

The (disjoint) fort number and fractional zero forcing number are introduced and related to existing parameters including the (standard) zero forcing number. The fort hypergraph is introduced and hypergraph results on transversals and…

In this paper, we study minimal (with respect to inclusion) zero forcing sets. We first investigate when a graph can have polynomially or exponentially many distinct minimal zero forcing sets. We also study the maximum size of a minimal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-18 Boris Brimkov , Joshua Carlson

A graph is \emph{hamiltonian-connected} if every pair of vertices can be connected by a hamiltonian path, and it is \emph{hamiltonian} if it contains a hamiltonian cycle. We construct families of non-hamiltonian graphs for which the ratio…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Erik Carlson , Willem Fletcher , MurphyKate Montee , Chi Nguyen , Jarne Renders , Xingyi Zhang

A graph is called an $(r,k)$-graph if its vertex set can be partitioned into $r$ parts, each having at most $k$ vertices and there is at least one edge between any two parts. Let $f(r,H)$ be the minimum $k$ for which there exists an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-13 John Byrne , Michael Tait , Craig Timmons

There are profound relations between the zero forcing number and minimum rank of a graph. We study the relation of both parameters with a third one, the algebraic co-rank; that is defined as the largest $i$ such that the $i$-th critical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-11 Carlos A. Alfaro , Jephian C. -H. Lin

In the past two decades, various properties of randomly perturbed/augmented (hyper)graphs have been intensively studied, since the model was introduced by Bohman, Frieze and Martin in 2003. The model usually considers a deterministic graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Jie Han , Seonghyuk Im , Bin Wang , Junxue Zhang

We show that for any claw-free graph $G$ and any graph $H$, $\gamma(G\square H)\geq \frac{2}{3}\gamma(G)\gamma(H)$, where $\gamma(G)$ is the domination number of $G$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-15 Elliot Krop

Zero forcing is a process that models the spread of information throughout a graph as white vertices are forced to turn blue using a color change rule. The idea of throttling, introduced in 2013 by Butler and Young, is to optimize the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-11 Jurgen Kritschgau , Josh Carlson

We consider a game played on an initially empty graph where two players alternate drawing an edge between vertices subject to the condition that no degree can exceed $k$. We show that for $k=3$, either player can avoid a Hamilton cycle, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-02 Jeremy Meza , Samuel Simon

A triple of vertices in a graph is a \emph{frustrated triangle} if it induces an odd number of edges. We study the set $F_n\subset[0,\binom{n}{3}]$ of possible number of frustrated triangles $f(G)$ in a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices. We prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-10 Teeradej Kittipassorn , Gabor Meszaros

Sivaraman conjectured that if $G$ is a graph with no induced even cycle then there exist sets $X_1, X_2 \subseteq V(G)$ satisfying $V(G) = X_1 \cup X_2$ such that the induced graphs $G[X_1]$ and $G[X_2]$ are both chordal. We prove this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Tara Abrishami , Eli Berger , Maria Chudnovsky , Shira Zerbib

An infinite family of graphs ${\cal F}$ is called feasible if for any pair of integers $(n,m)$, $n \geq 1$, $0 \leq m \leq \binom{n}{2}$, there is a member $G \in {\cal F}$ such that $G$ has $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. We prove that given a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-03 Yair Caro , Matthew Cassar , Josef Lauri , Christina Zarb

A tournament H is quasirandom-forcing if the following holds for every sequence (G_n) of tournaments of growing orders: if the density of H in G_n converges to the expected density of H in a random tournament, then (G_n) is quasirandom.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Robert Hancock , Adam Kabela , Daniel Kral , Taisa Martins , Roberto Parente , Fiona Skerman , Jan Volec

A graph $H$ is said to be common if the number of monochromatic labelled copies of $H$ in a red/blue edge colouring of a large complete graph is asymptotically minimized by a random colouring with an equal proportion of each colour. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Natalie Behague , Natasha Morrison , Jonathan A. Noel

For each of the notions of hypergraph quasirandomness that have been studied, we identify a large class of hypergraphs F so that every quasirandom hypergraph H admits a perfect F-packing. An informal statement of a special case of our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-20 John Lenz , Dhruv Mubayi

It is known that the class of all graphs not containing a graph $H$ as an induced subgraph is cop-bounded if and only if $H$ is a forest whose every component is a path. In this study, we characterize all sets $\mathscr{H}$ of graphs with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-14 Masood Masjoody , Ladislav Stacho