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Sharing logical entangled pairs between distant quantum nodes is a key process to achieve fault tolerant quantum computation and communication. However, there is a gap between current experimental specifications and theoretical requirements…

Topological error-correcting codes, such as surface codes and color codes, are promising because quantum operations are realized by two-dimensionally (2D) arrayed quantum bits (qubits). However, physical wiring of electrodes to qubits is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-06 Tetsufumi Tanamoto , Hayato Goto

Individual impurity atoms in silicon can make superb individual qubits, but it remains an immense challenge to build a multi-qubit processor: There is a basic conflict between nanometre separation desired for qubit-qubit interactions, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-05 Joe O'Gorman , Naomi H. Nickerson , Philipp Ross , John J. L. Morton , Simon C. Benjamin

We propose a family of surface codes with general lattice structures, where the error-tolerances against bit and phase errors can be controlled asymmetrically by changing the underlying lattice geometries. The surface codes on various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Keisuke Fujii , Yuuki Tokunaga

We construct Locally Recoverable Codes (LRCs) with availability $2$ from a family of fibered surfaces. To obtain the locality and availability properties, and to estimate the minimum distance of the codes, we combine techniques coming from…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Cecília Salgado , Lara Vicino

Surface codes are promising for practical quantum error correction due to their high threshold and experimental feasibility. However, their performance under realistic noise conditions, particularly those involving correlated errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 SiYing Wang , Yue Yan , ZhiXin Xia , Xiang-Bin Wang

One of the main challenge for an efficient implementation of quantum information technologies is how to counteract quantum noise. Quantum error correcting codes are therefore of primary interest for the evolution towards quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-28 Lorenzo Valentini , Diego Forlivesi , Marco Chiani

We study finite-length qudit quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes from translation-invariant CSS constructions on two-dimensional tori with twisted boundary conditions. Recent qubit work [PRX Quantum 6, 020357 (2025)] showed that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Mourad Halla

In this work we introduce two code families, which we call the heavy hexagon code and heavy square code. Both code families are implemented by assigning physical data and ancilla qubits to both vertices and edges of low degree graphs. Such…

Recent experimental progress in realizing surface code on hardware, including demonstrations of break-even logical memory on devices with up to hundreds of physical qubits, has materially advanced the prospects for fault-tolerant quantum…

We present the design, fabrication, and experimental implementation of surface ion traps with Y-shaped junctions. The traps are designed to minimize the pseudopotential variations in the junction region at the symmetric intersection of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-04 D. L. Moehring , C. Highstrete , D. Stick , K. M. Fortier , R. Haltli , C. Tigges , M. G. Blain

In the rotated surface code, hook errors (errors on auxiliary qubits midway through syndrome extraction that propagate to correlated two-qubit data errors) can reduce the circuit-level code distance by a factor of two if the extraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Gilad Kishony , Austin Fowler

Quantum Surface codes are a kind of quantum topological stabilizer codes whose stabilizers and qubits are geometrically related. Due to their special structures, surface codes have great potential to lead people to large-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-23 Yaping Yuan , Chung-Chin Lu

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes are a promising construction for drastically reducing the overhead of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) architectures. However, all of the known hardware implementations of these codes…

We consider some questions related to codes constructed using various graphs, in particular focusing on graphs which are not lattices in two or three dimensions. We begin by considering Floquet codes which can be constructed using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 M. B. Hastings

A central goal in quantum error correction is to reduce the overhead of fault-tolerant quantum computing by increasing noise thresholds and reducing the number of physical qubits required to sustain a logical qubit. We introduce a potential…

High-rate quantum error correcting (QEC) codes with moderate overheads in qubit number and control complexity are highly desirable for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. Recently, quantum error correction has experienced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-31 Laura Pecorari , Sven Jandura , Gavin K. Brennen , Guido Pupillo

In this article, we construct codes with hierarchical locality using natural geometric structures in Artin-Schreier surfaces of the form $y^p-y=f(x,z)$. Our main theorem describes the codes, their hierarchical structure and recovery…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-15 Jennifer Berg , Beth Malmskog , Mckenzie West

Surface and color codes are two forms of topological quantum error correction in two spatial dimensions with complementary properties. Surface codes have lower-depth error detection circuits and well-developed decoders to interpret and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-18 Jonathan E. Moussa

Surface codes offer a very promising avenue towards fault-tolerant quantum computation. We argue that two-dimensional interacting networks of Majorana bound states in topological superconductor/semiconductor heterostructures hold several…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-11-30 S. Plugge , L. A. Landau , E. Sela , A. Altland , K. Flensberg , R. Egger