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Reinforcement Learning (RL) environments can produce training data with spurious correlations between features due to the amount of training data or its limited feature coverage. This can lead to RL agents encoding these misleading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Mhairi Dunion , Trevor McInroe , Kevin Sebastian Luck , Josiah P. Hanna , Stefano V. Albrecht

We present a reinforcement learning (RL) framework in which the learned policy comes with a machine-checkable certificate of provable adversarial robustness. Our approach, called CAROL, learns a model of the environment. In each learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Chenxi Yang , Greg Anderson , Swarat Chaudhuri

Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides a promising paradigm for learning useful behaviors via reward-free per-training. Existing methods for unsupervised RL mainly conduct empowerment-driven skill discovery or entropy-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Chenjia Bai , Rushuai Yang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Kang Xu , Yi Chen , Ting Xiao , Xuelong Li

Text-based reinforcement learning involves an agent interacting with a fictional environment using observed text and admissible actions in natural language to complete a task. Previous works have shown that agents can succeed in text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Mauricio Gruppi , Soham Dan , Keerthiram Murugesan , Subhajit Chaudhury

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the most practical ways to learn from real-life use-cases. Motivated from the cognitive methods used by humans makes it a widely acceptable strategy in the field of artificial intelligence. Most of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Abhishek Sawaika , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Udaya Parampalli , Rajkumar Buyya

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a critical technique for enhancing LLM-based deep search agents. However, existing approaches primarily rely on binary outcome rewards, which fail to capture the comprehensiveness and factuality of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Jiajie Zhang , Xin Lv , Ling Feng , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

This paper proves that the episodic learning environment of every finite-horizon decision task has a unique steady state under any behavior policy, and that the marginal distribution of the agent's input indeed converges to the steady-state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Huang Bojun

This paper explores the problem of task learning and planning, contributing the Action-Category Representation (ACR) to improve computational performance of both Planning and Reinforcement Learning (RL). ACR is an algorithm-agnostic,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-27 Lakshmi Nair , Sonia Chernova

Feature attribution methods highlight the important input tokens as explanations to model predictions, which have been widely applied to deep neural networks towards trustworthy AI. However, recent works show that explanations provided by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Dongfang Li , Baotian Hu , Qingcai Chen , Shan He

It has previously been shown that by using reinforcement learning (RL), agents can derive simple approximate and exact-restricted numeral systems that are similar to human ones (Carlsson, 2021). However, it is a major challenge to show how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Andrea Silvi , Jonathan Thomas , Emil Carlsson , Devdatt Dubhashi , Moa Johansson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in multi-step reasoning and problem-solving.Recent works introduce multi-agent reflection frameworks where multiple LLM agents critique and refine each other's outputs using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yuanhao Li , Mingshan Liu , Hongbo Wang , Yiding Zhang , Yifei Ma , Wei Tan

Improving sample efficiency is a key research problem in reinforcement learning (RL), and CURL, which uses contrastive learning to extract high-level features from raw pixels of individual video frames, is an efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Jinhua Zhu , Yingce Xia , Lijun Wu , Jiajun Deng , Wengang Zhou , Tao Qin , Houqiang Li

Open-ended learning benefits immensely from the use of symbolic methods for goal representation as they offer ways to structure knowledge for efficient and transferable learning. However, the existing Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Mehdi Zadem , Sergio Mover , Sao Mai Nguyen

Asynchronous data-driven explanations often fail because the content and presentation are not tailored to the target audience, and they provide limited opportunities for active audience engagement. We present a vision for Contextualized…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhicheng Liu , Jason H Li , Greg Briskin

In this paper, we introduce a method for unifying language, action, and state information in a shared embedding space to facilitate a range of downstream tasks in robot learning. Our method, Contrastive Language, Action, and State…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Krishan Rana , Andrew Melnik , Niko Sünderhauf

Exploring unknown environments efficiently is a fundamental challenge in unsupervised goal-conditioned reinforcement learning. While selecting exploratory goals at the frontier of previously explored states is an effective strategy, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yuanlin Duan , Guofeng Cui , He Zhu

The increased complexity of state-of-the-art reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have resulted in an opacity that inhibits explainability and understanding. This has led to the development of several post-hoc explainability methods that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Charl Maree , Christian Omlin

Explainable reinforcement learning (XRL) is an emerging subfield of explainable machine learning that has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The goal of XRL is to elucidate the decision-making process of learning agents in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Stephanie Milani , Nicholay Topin , Manuela Veloso , Fei Fang

We investigate the feasibility of deploying reinforcement learning (RL) policies for constrained crowd navigation using a low-fidelity simulator. We introduce a representation of the dynamic environment, separating human and obstacle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Shuijing Liu , Kaiwen Hong , Neeloy Chakraborty , Katherine Driggs-Campbell

We introduce a novel method to train agents of reinforcement learning (RL) by sharing knowledge in a way similar to the concept of using a book. The recorded information in the form of a book is the main means by which humans learn…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Simyung Chang , YoungJoon Yoo , Jaeseok Choi , Nojun Kwak
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