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In this paper, we present findings from a large-scale and long-term phishing experiment that we conducted in collaboration with a partner company. Our experiment ran for 15 months during which time more than 14,000 study participants…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Daniele Lain , Kari Kostiainen , Srdjan Capkun

Phishing is a form of cybercrime and a threat that allows criminals, phishers, to deceive end users in order to steal their confidential and sensitive information. Attackers usually attempt to manipulate the psychology and emotions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Mousa Jari

In today's digital world, cybercrime is responsible for significant damage to organizations, including financial losses, operational disruptions, or intellectual property theft. Cyberattacks often start with an email, the major means of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Sarah Wassermann , Maxime Meyer , Sébastien Goutal , Damien Riquet

Email phishing has become more prevalent and grows more sophisticated over time. To combat this rise, many machine learning (ML) algorithms for detecting phishing emails have been developed. However, due to the limited email data sets on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Mariya Shmalko , Alsharif Abuadbba , Raj Gaire , Tingmin Wu , Hye-Young Paik , Surya Nepal

Phishing is one of the most prevalent social engineering attacks that targets both organizations and individuals. It is crucial to understand how email presentation impacts users' reactions to phishing attacks. We speculated that the device…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Sijie Zhuo , Robert Biddle , Lucas Betts , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Yun Sing Koh , Danielle Lottridge , Giovanni Russello

We present the first large-scale characterization of lateral phishing attacks, based on a dataset of 113 million employee-sent emails from 92 enterprise organizations. In a lateral phishing attack, adversaries leverage a compromised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Grant Ho , Asaf Cidon , Lior Gavish , Marco Schweighauser , Vern Paxson , Stefan Savage , Geoffrey M. Voelker , David Wagner

The threat of phishing attacks in financial systems is continuously growing. Therefore, protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access is paramount. This paper discusses the critical need for robust email phishing detection.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Novruz Amirov , Leminur Celik , Egemen Ali Caner , Emre Yurdakul , Fahri Anil Yerlikaya , Serif Bahtiyar

Phishing is a way of stealing people's sensitive information such as username, password and banking details by disguising as a legitimate entity (i.e. email, website). Anti-phishing education considered to be vital in strengthening "human",…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Matheesha Fernando , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

Email phishing is one of the most prevalent and globally consequential vectors of cyber intrusion. As systems increasingly deploy Large Language Models (LLMs) applications, these systems face evolving phishing email threats that exploit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Najmul Hasan , Prashanth BusiReddyGari , Haitao Zhao , Yihao Ren , Jinsheng Xu , Shaohu Zhang

Information or data is very crucial resource to us. Thus securing the information becomes all the more necessary. The communication media through which we send data does not provide data security, so other methods of securing data are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-04-14 Richa Gupta , Sunny Gupta , Anuradha Singhal

Anomalies in emails such as phishing and spam present major security risks such as the loss of privacy, money, and brand reputation to both individuals and organizations. Previous studies on email anomaly detection relied on a single type…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Craig Beaman , Haruna Isah

The escalating threat of phishing emails has become increasingly sophisticated with the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs). As attackers exploit LLMs to craft more convincing and evasive phishing emails, it is crucial to assess the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Khalifa Afane , Wenqi Wei , Ying Mao , Junaid Farooq , Juntao Chen

Security exploits can include cyber threats such as computer programs that can disturb the normal behavior of computer systems (viruses), unsolicited e-mail (spam), malicious software (malware), monitoring software (spyware), attempting to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-26 Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Mumtaz Abdul Hameed

Phishing attacks frequently use email body obfuscation to bypass detection filters, but quantitative insights into how techniques are combined and their impact on filter scores remain limited. This paper addresses this gap by empirically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Antony Dalmiere , Zheng Zhou , Guillaume Auriol , Vincent Nicomette , Pascal Marchand

Security is one of the major concerns of modern communication systems. Users demand a secure communication environment that provides privacy to the people while they are sharing messages to anyone. Privacy is a prime concern nowadays. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Akm. B. Haque , Md. A. Bari , S. S. Arman , FT. Progga

This study extends the research of Ferreira and Teles (2019), who synthesized works by Cialdini (2007), Gragg (2003), and Stajano and Wilson (2011) to propose a unique list of persuasion principles in social engineering. While Ferreira and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kalam Khadka

Phishing emails are the first step for many of today's attacks. They come with a simple hyperlink, request for action or a full replica of an existing service or website. The goal is generally to trick the user to voluntarily give away his…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Suhail Paliath , Mohammad Abu Qbeitah , Monther Aldwairi

Authentication systems are designed to give the right person access to an organization's information system and to restrict it from the wrong person. Such systems are designed by IT professionals to protect an organization's assets (e.g.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-09-04 Christopher S. Pilson , James C. McElroy

This paper aims to provide an understanding of what a phishing attack is, the types of phishing attacks and methods employed by cyber criminals. This journal will also provide an understanding on where phishing attacks are carried via…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Mario Ciprian Birlea

The most widespread type of phishing attack involves email messages with links pointing to malicious content. Despite user training and the use of detection techniques, these attacks are still highly effective. Recent studies show that it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Daniele Lain , Yoshimichi Nakatsuka , Kari Kostiainen , Gene Tsudik , Srdjan Capkun