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Spam messes up users inbox, consumes resources and spread attacks like DDoS, MiM, Phishing etc., Phishing is a byproduct of email and causes financial loss to users and loss of reputation to financial institutions. In this paper we study…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Cynthia Dhinakaran , Jae Kwang lee , Dhinaharan Nagamalai

The critical role played by email has led to a range of extension protocols (e.g., SPF, DKIM, DMARC) designed to protect against the spoofing of email sender domains. These protocols are complex as is, but are further complicated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Enze Liu , Gautam Akiwate , Mattijs Jonker , Ariana Mirian , Grant Ho , Geoffrey M. Voelker , Stefan Savage

Modern organizations are persistently targeted by phishing emails. Despite advances in detection systems and widespread employee training, attackers continue to innovate, posing ongoing threats. Two emerging vectors stand out in the current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Marie Weinz , Nicola Zannone , Luca Allodi , Giovanni Apruzzese

Email tracking allows email senders to collect fine-grained behavior and location data on email recipients, who are uniquely identifiable via their email address. Such tracking invades user privacy in that email tracking techniques gather…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Johannes Haupt , Benedict Bender , Benjamin Fabian , Stefan Lessmann

The security evaluation for Mail Distribution Systems focuses on certification and reliability of sensitive data between mail servers. The need to certify the information conveyed is a result of known weaknesses in the simple mail transfer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Antonis S. Rizopoulos , Dimitrios N. Kallergis , George N. Prezerakos

Internet technology is so pervasive today, for example, from online social networking to online banking, it has made people's lives more comfortable. Due the growth of Internet technology, security threats to systems and networks are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-30 B. B. Gupta , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Konstantinos E. Psannis

Email spoofing is a critical step of phishing, where the attacker impersonates someone the victim knows or trusts. In this paper, we conduct a qualitative study to explore why email spoofing is still possible after years of efforts to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Hang Hu , Peng Peng , Gang Wang

As a fundamental communicative service, email is playing an important role in both individual and corporate communications, which also makes it one of the most frequently attack vectors. An email's authenticity is based on an authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Kaiwen Shen , Chuhan Wang , Minglei Guo , Xiaofeng Zheng , Chaoyi Lu , Baojun Liu , Yuxuan Zhao , Shuang Hao , Haixin Duan , Qingfeng Pan , Min Yang

Phishing attacks are one of the most common social engineering attacks targeting users emails to fraudulently steal confidential and sensitive information. They can be used as a part of more massive attacks launched to gain a foothold in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Fatima Salahdine , Zakaria El Mrabet , Naima Kaabouch

Every day, internet thieves employ new ways to obtain personal identity people and get access to their personal information. Phishing is a somehow complex method that has recently been considered by internet thieves.The present study aims…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Shahrzad Sedaghat

Email remains a central communication medium, yet its long-standing design and interface conventions continue to enable deceptive attacks. This research note presents a structured list of 42 email-based deception techniques, documented with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Maxime Veit , Mattia Mossano , Tobias Länge , Melanie Volkamer

The electronic mail plays an unavoidable role in the humankind communications. With the great interest for the connection via mobile platforms, and the growing number of vulnerabilities and attacks, it is essential to provide suitable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-03-20 M. Toorani

Several end-to-end encryption technologies for emails such as PGP and S/MIME exist since decades. However, end-to-end encryption is barely applied. To understand why users hesitate to secure their email communication and which usability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Adrian Reuter , Karima Boudaoud , Marco Winckler , Ahmed Abdelmaksoud , Wadie Lemrazzeq

Phishing is an online identity theft technique where attackers steal users personal information, leading to financial losses for individuals and organizations. With the increasing adoption of smartphones, which provide functionalities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Diksha Goel

SMS Phishing (also known as 'smishing') is a growing deceptive social engineering (SE) attack that leverages mobile SMS to conduct cybercrimes such as stealing sensitive information or spreading malware by tricking users into interacting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mir Mehedi A. Pritom , Seyed Mohammad Sanjari , Maraz Mia , Ashfak Md Shibli , S M Mostaq Hossain , Muhammad Ismail , Shouhuai Xu

While email is the most ubiquitous and interoperable form of online communication today, it was not conceived with strong security guarantees, and the ensuing security enhancements are, by contrast, lacking in both ubiquity and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Jeremy Clark , P. C. van Oorschot , Scott Ruoti , Kent Seamons , Daniel Zappala

This paper examines the cues that typically differentiate phishing emails from genuine emails. The research is conducted in two stages. In the first stage, we identify the cues that actually differentiate between phishing and genuine…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-05-26 Kathryn Parsons , Marcus Butavicius , Malcolm Pattinson , Dragana Calic , Agata Mccormac , Cate Jerram

Enterprise security is increasingly being threatened by social engineering attacks, such as phishing, which deceive employees into giving access to enterprise data. To protect both the users themselves and enterprise data, more and more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Mithün Paul , Genevieve Bartlett , Jelena Mirkovic , Marjorie Freedman

Data mining is also being useful to give solutions for invasion finding and auditing. While data mining has several applications in protection, there are also serious privacy fears. Because of email mining, even inexperienced users can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-05-06 Tarushi Sharma , AmanPreet Kaur

Email breaches are commonplace, and they expose a wealth of personal, business, and political data that may have devastating consequences. The current email system allows any attacker who gains access to your email to prove the authenticity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Michael Specter , Sunoo Park , Matthew Green