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Several distinct concepts of temperature appear in the holographic description of de Sitter space. Conflating these has led to confusion and inconsistent claims. The double-scaled limit of SYK is a concrete model in which we can examine and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-18 Adel A. Rahman , Leonard Susskind

A surprising connection exists between double-scaled SYK at infinite temperature, and large N QCD. The large N expansions of the two theories have the same form; the 't Hooft limit of QCD parallels the fixed p limit of SYK (for a theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-05 Yasuhiro Sekino , Leonard Susskind

This paper pushes forward a conjecture made in [1] that a high-temperature double-scaled limit of the SYK model ($\mathrm{DSSYK}_{\infty}$) describes a de Sitter-like space. We identify a specific bulk theory which we conjecture to be dual…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-07 Adel A. Rahman

One of us (L.S.) and H. Verlinde independently conjectured a holographic duality between the double-scaled SYK model at infinite temperature and dimensionally reduced $(2+1)$-dimensional de Sitter space [1]-[8]. Beyond the statement that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-18 Adel A. Rahman , Leonard Susskind

It has been recently realized that the bulk dual of the double-scaled SYK (DSSYK) model has both positive and negative Ricci curvature and is described by a dilaton-gravity theory with a $\sin(\Phi)$ potential arXiv:2404.03535. We study…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-10-29 Sergio E. Aguilar-Gutierrez

It has been argued that a finite effective temperature emerges and characterizes the thermal property of double-scaled SYK model in the infinite temperature limit. Meanwhile, in the static patch of de Sitter, the maximally entangled state…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-06 Jiuci Xu

In this paper we discuss black hole solutions parametrized by their entropy $\mathcal{S}$ and temperature $\mathcal{T}$ in gravitational effective theories. We are especially interested in the analysis of the boundary regions in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-10-24 Niccolò Cribiori , Markus Dierigl , Alessandra Gnecchi , Dieter Lust , Marco Scalisi

We propose a new model of low dimensional de Sitter holography in the form of a pair of double-scaled SYK models at infinite temperature coupled via an equal energy constraint $H_L=H_R$. As a test of the duality, we compute the two-point…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-27 Vladimir Narovlansky , Herman Verlinde

In the limit of infinite radius de Sitter space becomes locally flat and the static patch tends to Rindler space. A holographic description of the static patch must result in a holographic description of some flat space theory, expressed in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-10 Shoichiro Miyashita , Yasuhiro Sekino , Leonard Susskind

It has been argued that the entanglement spectrum of a static patch of de Sitter space must be flat, or what is equivalent, the temperature parameter in the Boltzmann distribution must be infinite. This seems absurd: quantum fields in de…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-06-03 Henry Lin , Leonard Susskind

We construct families of deformations of the double-scaled SYK (DSSYK) model and investigate their bulk interpretation. We introduce microscopic deformations of the SYK model which, after ensemble averaging and in the double-scaling limit,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-15 Sergio E. Aguilar-Gutierrez , Trivko Kukolj , Josef Seitz

We introduce a simple microscopic quantum mechanical model of low-dimensional de Sitter holography with an observer. Using semiclassical gravity and elementary thermodynamic considerations, we derive a formula for the total entropy of a 3D…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-02-07 Damiano Tietto , Herman Verlinde

We investigate entanglement entropy between the pair of type II$_1$ algebras of the double-scaled SYK (DSSYK) model given a chord state, its holographic interpretation as generalized horizon entropy; particularly in the (anti-)de Sitter…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-12 Sergio E. Aguilar-Gutierrez

It is shown that the Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) spacetime has the fundamental temperature. This temperature describes the thermal processes of decay of the composite particles and the other processes, which are energetically forbidden in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-12 G. E. Volovik

We analyse a class of SYK models whose Hamiltonian is the sum of two SYK Hamiltonians with different numbers of fermions $q, \tilde q$ in each interaction. We consider both Euclidean and Lorentzian probes of the quantum system in the large…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-26 Weam Abou Hamdan , Damián A. Galante

We investigate the thermalization of Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models coupled via random interactions following quenches from the perspective of entanglement. Previous studies have shown that when a system of two SYK models coupled by random…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-01-25 Ramanjit Sohal , Laimei Nie , Xiao-Qi Sun , Eduardo Fradkin

We study the high temperature (or small inverse temperature $\beta$) expansion of the free energy of double scaled SYK model. We find that this expansion is a convergent series with a finite radius of convergence. It turns out that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-09 Kazumi Okuyama

The p-body SYK model at finite temperature exhibits submaximal chaos and contains stringy-like corrections to the dual JT gravity. It can be solved exactly in two different limits: "large p" SYK $1 \ll p \ll N$ and "double-scaled" SYK $N,p…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-11 Baur Mukhametzhanov

In this paper a de Sitter Space version of Black Hole Complementarity is formulated which states that an observer in de Sitter Space describes the surrounding space as a sealed finite temperature cavity bounded by a horizon which allows no…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Lisa Dyson , James Lindesay , Leonard Susskind

Verlinde argued \cite{Verlinde:2016toy} that baryonic matter in de Sitter Universe with a Hubble constant $H$ produces a bulk contribution to the vacuum entanglement entropy $\delta S_{ent}$. Using the de Sitter temperature…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-03-01 Alex Buchel
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