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Related papers: Closed-Form Solutions for Grid-Forming Converters:…

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The modern power grid features the high penetration of power converters, which widely employ a phase-locked loop (PLL) for grid synchronization. However, it has been pointed out that PLL can give rise to small-signal instabilities under…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-18 Chaoran Yang , Linbin Huang , Huanhai Xin , Ping Ju

This work establishes the equivalence of selected grid-forming control algorithms within the context of simplified theoretical models. Considered algorithms are droop control, Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) and matching control. It is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-01 Aidar Zhetessov

The modern power system features high penetration of power converters due to the development of renewables, HVDC, etc. Currently, the controller design and parameter tuning of power converters heavily rely on rich engineering experience and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-12 Linbin Huang , Huanhai Xin , Florian Dörfler

This paper presents a decentralized controller for sharing primary AC frequency control reserves through a multi-terminal HVDC grid. By using Lyapunov arguments, the proposed controller is shown to stabilize the equilibrium of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-15 Martin Andreasson , Roger Wiget , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Karl H. Johansson , Göran Andersson

Grid-connected inverters are required to operate stably under a wide range of grid conditions. However, conventional grid-following (GFL) control may suffer from instability under weak-grid conditions, while grid-forming (GFM) control may…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Zirui Wang , Yitong Li , Quanchi Wu , Jinjun Liu

Large-scale integration of inverter-based resources into power grids worldwide is challenging their stability and security. This paper takes a closer look at synchronous condensers as a solution to mitigate stability challenges caused by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Amir Sajadi , Barry Mather , Bri-Mathias Hodge

Grid-forming, particularly those utilizing droop control and virtual synchronous generators (VSG), can actively regulate the frequency and voltage of microgrid systems, exhibiting dynamic characteristics akin to those of synchronous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Yan Tong , Qin Wang , Aihong Tang

Voltage support capability is critical for grid-forming (GFM) inverters with current-limiting control (CLC) during grid faults. Despite the findings on the voltage support for symmetrical grid faults, its applicability to more common but…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-08 Han Zhang , Rui Liu , Yunwei , Li

Small-signal instability of grid-connected power converters may arise when the converters use a phase-locked loop (PLL) to synchronize with a weak grid. Commonly, this stability problem (referred as PLL-synchronization stability in this…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Linbin Huang , Huanhai Xin , Wei Dong , Florian Dörfler

Stability of power grids with synchronous generators (SGs) and renewable generation interfaced with grid-forming converters (GFCs) under dc-side current limitation is studied. To that end, we first consider a simple 2-bus test system and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-03 Sayan Samanta , Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri

This letter presents a comprehensive analysis of the stability phenomenon related to the ability of generators to remain in synchronism when subjected to small or large disturbances, in power systems with both synchronous machines and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Régulo E. Ávila-Martínez , Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio Garcia-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist

The mathematical modeling of open-switch faults in two-level machine-side converters and the fault-tolerant current control of isotropic permanent-magnet synchronous generators are discussed. The proposed converter model is generic for any…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Christoph M. Hackl , Urs Pecha , Korbinian Schechner

In this work we present a novel dual-port grid-forming control strategy, for permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbines with back-to-back voltage source converters, that unifies the entire range of functions from maximum power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-21 Xue Lyu , Irina Subotić , Dominic Groß

Existing sub-/super-synchronous (SSO) suppression methods for the direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generators (D-PMSG) integrated power systems are mainly achieved by external devices or sub-synchronous resonance damping controller…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-03 Songhao Yang , Ruixin Shen , Jin Shu , Tao Zhang , Yujun Li , Baohui Zhang , Zhiguo Hao

In this paper, we propose a harmonic-model based control approach for the three-phase grid-tied AC-DC converter. We derive a nonlinear harmonic domain model and demonstrate its efficacy in designing harmonic control with global stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Maxime Grosso , Pierre Riedinger , Jamal Daafouz , Serge Pierfederici , Hicham Janati-Idrissi , Blaise Lapôtre

The converter control functions to provide the capabilities similar to synchronous generators are referred to as grid forming converters (GFC). Identical to a synchronous machine, a grid forming converter is expected to behave as a voltage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-21 Kanakesh Vatta Kkuni , Sibin Mohan , Guangya Yang , Wilsun Xu

Power electronic converters enable wind turbines, operating at variable speed, to generate electricity more efficiently. Among variable speed operating turbine generators, permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG) has got more…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Fattah Hassanzadeh , Hossein Sangrody , Amin Hajizadeh , Shahrokh akhlaghi

Grid-forming (GFM) converter is deemed as one enabler for high penetration of renewable energy resources in power system. However, as will be pointed out in this letter, the conventional power-to-frequency (P-f) GFM control will face a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-10 Chu Sun

The output impedance matrix of a grid-connected converter plays an important role in analyzing system stability. Due to the dynamics of the DC-link control and the phase locked loop (PLL), the output impedance matrices of the converter and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Huanhai Xin , Ziheng Li , Wei Dong , Leiqi Zhang , Zhen Wang , Jian Zhao

Synchronization is an essential element in three-phase ac electric power systems. The large-scale integration of converter-interfaced resources leads to the power grid transformation from voltage-source-dominated to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-06 Yitong Li , Timothy C. Green , Yunjie Gu