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We apply Gaussian process (GP) regression, which provides a powerful non-parametric probabilistic method of relating inputs to outputs, to survival data consisting of time-to-event and covariate measurements. In this context, the covariates…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-08 James E. Barrett , Anthony C. C. Coolen

Motivation: RNA design aims to find RNA sequences that fold into a given target secondary structure, a problem also known as RNA inverse folding. However, not all target structures are designable. Recent advances in RNA designability have…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tianshuo Zhou , David H. Mathews , Liang Huang

We study the multiplicative hazards model with intermittently observed longitudinal covariates and time-varying coefficients. For such models, the existing ad hoc approach, such as the last value carried forward, is biased. We propose a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-13 Zhuowei Sun , Hongyuan Cao

Heterogeneous treatment effects can be very important in the analysis of randomized clinical trials. Heightened risks or enhanced benefits may exist for particular subsets of study subjects. When the heterogeneous treatment effects are…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-25 Richard A. Berk , Matthew Olson , Andreas Buja , Aurelie Ouss

As cancer patient survival improves, late effects from treatment are becoming the next clinical challenge. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy, for example, potentially increase the risk of both morbidity and mortality from second malignancies…

A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial is a type of longitudinal cluster design that sequentially switches clusters to intervention over time until all clusters are treated. While the traditional posttest-only parallel design requires…

Applications · Statistics 2021-01-05 Fan Li

The case-cohort design allows analysis of multiple endpoints and only requires covariates to be measured for cases and non-cases in a random subcohort from the cohort. Stratification of subcohort sampling and weight calibration increase…

Applications · Statistics 2024-02-15 Lola Etievant , Mitchell H. Gail

Longitudinal cluster randomized trials (L-CRTs) are increasingly used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions across multiple assessment periods, yet design methods for powering these trials remain underdeveloped.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-20 Hao Wang , Jingxia Liu , Drew B. Cameron , Jiaqi Tong , Donna Spiegelman , Daniella Meeker , Fan Li

The Cox model, which remains as the first choice in analyzing time-to-event data even for large datasets, relies on the proportional hazards (PH) assumption. When survival data arrive sequentially in chunks, a fast and minimally storage…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-24 Yishu Xue , HaiYing Wang , Jun Yan , Elizabeth D. Schifano

We introduce a framework to build a survival/risk bump hunting model with a censored time-to-event response. Our Survival Bump Hunting (SBH) method is based on a recursive peeling procedure that uses a specific survival peeling criterion…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-24 Jean-Eudes Dazard , Michael Choe , Michael LeBlanc , J. Sunil Rao

We develop a Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) approach to evaluate the causal effect of treatment in a randomized trial where a nonterminal event may be censored by a terminal event, but not vice versa (i.e., semi-competing risks). Based on the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-23 Yanxun Xu , Daniel Scharfstein , Peter Müller , Michael Daniels

Sequential likelihood ratio testing is found to be most powerful in sequential studies with early stopping rules when grouped data come from the one-parameter exponential family. First, to obtain this elusive result, the probability measure…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-28 Sergey Tarima , Nancy Flournoy

Investigating the causal relationship between exposure and the time-to-event outcome is an important topic in biomedical research. Previous literature has discussed the potential issues of using the hazard ratio as a marginal causal effect…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-05 Zihan Lin , Ai Ni , Bo Lu

The cause of failure in cohort studies that involve competing risks is frequently incompletely observed. To address this, several methods have been proposed for the semiparametric proportional cause-specific hazards model under a missing at…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-24 Giorgos Bakoyannis , Ying Zhang , Constantin T. Yiannoutsos

Monitoring time between events (TBE) is a critical task in industrial settings. Traditional Statistical Process Monitoring (SPM) methods often assume that TBE variables follow an exponential distribution, which implies a constant failure…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-22 Hussam Ahmad , Adel Ahmadi Nadi , Mohammad Amini , Subhabrata Chakraborti

Topology optimization (TO) is a well-established methodology for structural design under user-defined constraints, e.g. minimum volume and maximum stiffness. However, such methods have traditionally been applied to static, deterministic…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Luis Irastorza-Valera , Luis Saucedo-Mora

Hazard ratios are frequently reported in time-to-event and epidemiological studies to assess treatment effects. In observational studies, the combination of propensity score weights with the Cox proportional hazards model facilitates the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-14 Guilherme W. F. Barros , Jenny Häggström

We propose a new estimation method for heterogeneous causal effects which utilizes a regression discontinuity (RD) design for multiple datasets with different thresholds. The standard RD design is frequently used in applied researches, but…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-05-14 Takayuki Toda , Ayako Wakano , Takahiro Hoshino

An individualized risk prediction model that dynamically updates the probability of a clinical event from a specific cause is valuable for physicians to be able to optimize personalized treatment strategies in real-time by incorporating all…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-22 Qing Liu , Gong Tang , Joseph P. Costantino , Chung-Chou H. Chang

We propose a frequentist adaptive phase 2 trial design to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three treatment regimens (doses) compared to placebo for four types of helminth (worm) infections. This trial will be carried out in four…