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Numerical simulation of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) can be challenging when the system exhibits high accelerations and rapidly changing dynamics. Under these conditions the ODE solver often needs to take very small time steps in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Andrew Tagg , Andrew Frandsen , Andrew Ning

Training Neural ODEs requires backpropagating through an ODE solve. The state-of-the-art backpropagation method is recursive checkpointing that balances recomputation with memory cost. Here, we introduce a class of algebraically reversible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Sam McCallum , James Foster

Motivated by the fact that the gradient-based optimization algorithms can be studied from the perspective of limiting ordinary differential equations (ODEs), here we derive an ODE representation of the accelerated triple momentum (TM)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-26 Boya Sun , Jemin George , Solmaz Kia

Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) -- parametrizations of differential equations using neural networks -- have shown tremendous promise in learning models of unknown continuous-time dynamical systems from data. However, every…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Franck Djeumou , Cyrus Neary , Eric Goubault , Sylvie Putot , Ufuk Topcu

Neural differential equations are a promising new member in the neural network family. They show the potential of differential equations for time series data analysis. In this paper, the strength of the ordinary differential equation (ODE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Mansura Habiba , Barak A. Pearlmutter

We propose a novel second-order optimization framework for training the emerging deep continuous-time models, specifically the Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs). Since their training already involves expensive gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Guan-Horng Liu , Tianrong Chen , Evangelos A. Theodorou

Neural networks have shown great potential in accelerating the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). Recently, there has been a growing interest in introducing physics constraints into training neural PDE solvers to reduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Xinquan Huang , Wenlei Shi , Qi Meng , Yue Wang , Xiaotian Gao , Jia Zhang , Tie-Yan Liu

Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (Neural ODE) has been proposed as a continuous approximation to the ResNet architecture. Some commonly used regularization mechanisms in discrete neural networks (e.g. dropout, Gaussian noise) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Xuanqing Liu , Tesi Xiao , Si Si , Qin Cao , Sanjiv Kumar , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Operator learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for developing efficient surrogate models to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). However, existing approaches often overlook the domain knowledge inherent in the underlying PDEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ziqian Li , Kang Liu , Yongcun Song , Hangrui Yue , Enrique Zuazua

Nesterov's accelerated gradient method (NAG) is widely used in problems with machine learning background including deep learning, and is corresponding to a continuous-time differential equation. From this connection, the property of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Yasong Feng , Weiguo Gao

Neural ordinary differential equations (Neural ODEs) are a new family of deep-learning models with continuous depth. However, the numerical estimation of the gradient in the continuous case is not well solved: existing implementations of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Juntang Zhuang , Nicha C. Dvornek , Sekhar Tatikonda , James S. Duncan

Continuous normalizing flows (CNFs) and diffusion models (DMs) generate high-quality data from a noise distribution. However, their sampling process demands multiple iterations to solve an ordinary differential equation (ODE) with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Denis Gudovskiy , Wenzhao Zheng , Tomoyuki Okuno , Yohei Nakata , Kurt Keutzer

We derive a second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) which is the limit of Nesterov's accelerated gradient method. This ODE exhibits approximate equivalence to Nesterov's scheme and thus can serve as a tool for analysis. We show…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-29 Weijie Su , Stephen Boyd , Emmanuel J. Candes

The infinite-depth paradigm pioneered by Neural ODEs has launched a renaissance in the search for novel dynamical system-inspired deep learning primitives; however, their utilization in problems of non-trivial size has often proved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Michael Poli , Stefano Massaroli , Atsushi Yamashita , Hajime Asama , Jinkyoo Park

The combination of ordinary differential equations and neural networks, i.e., neural ordinary differential equations (Neural ODE), has been widely studied from various angles. However, deciphering the numerical integration in Neural ODE is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Aiqing Zhu , Pengzhan Jin , Beibei Zhu , Yifa Tang

Measurement noise is an integral part while collecting data of a physical process. Thus, noise removal is necessary to draw conclusions from these data, and it often becomes essential to construct dynamical models using these data. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Pawan Goyal , Peter Benner

Classical machine learning models such as deep neural networks are usually trained by using Stochastic Gradient Descent-based (SGD) algorithms. The classical SGD can be interpreted as a discretization of the stochastic gradient flow. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-03 Valentin Leplat , Daniil Merkulov , Aleksandr Katrutsa , Daniel Bershatsky , Olga Tsymboi , Ivan Oseledets

We introduce a provably stable variant of neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs) whose trajectories evolve on an energy functional parametrised by a neural network. Stable neural flows provide an implicit guarantee on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Stefano Massaroli , Michael Poli , Michelangelo Bin , Jinkyoo Park , Atsushi Yamashita , Hajime Asama

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (Neural ODEs) represent continuous-time dynamics with neural networks, offering advancements for modeling and control tasks. However, training Neural ODEs requires solving differential equations at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Mariia Shapovalova , Calvin Tsay

Neural ordinary differential equations (NODE) have garnered significant attention for their design of continuous-depth neural networks and the ability to learn data/feature dynamics. However, for high-dimensional systems, estimating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Muhao Guo , Haoran Li , Yang Weng