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Related papers: A Turing Test: Are AI Chatbots Behaviorally Simila…

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Chatbots are used in many applications, e.g., automated agents, smart home assistants, interactive characters in online games, etc. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure they do not behave in undesired manners, providing offensive or toxic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Wai Man Si , Michael Backes , Jeremy Blackburn , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Gianluca Stringhini , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

Social interactions promote well-being, yet barriers like geographic distance, time limitations, and mental health conditions can limit face-to-face interactions. Emotionally responsive AI systems, such as chatbots, offer new opportunities…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Mahnaz Roshanaei , Rezvaneh Rezapour , Magy Seif El-Nasr

With the ongoing penetration of conversational user interfaces, a better understanding of social and emotional characteristic inherent to dialogue is required. Chatbots in particular face the challenge of conveying human-like behaviour…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Natascha Mariacher , Stephan Schlögl , Alexander Monz

We evaluated 3 systems (ELIZA, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) in a randomized, controlled, and preregistered Turing test. Human participants had a 5 minute conversation with either a human or an AI, and judged whether or not they thought their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Cameron R. Jones , Benjamin K. Bergen

This work asks whether a human interacting with a generative AI system can merge into a single individual through iterative, information-driven interactions. We model the interactions between a human, a generative AI system, and the human's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Jiejun Hu-Bolz , James Stovold

Cognitive biases often shape human decisions. While large language models (LLMs) have been shown to reproduce well-known biases, a more critical question is whether LLMs can predict biases at the individual level and emulate the dynamics of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Stephen Pilli , Vivek Nallur

The capability of GenAI-based chatbots, such as ChatGPT and Gemini, has expanded quickly in recent years, turning them into GenAI Chatbot Ecosystems. Yet, users' understanding of how such ecosystems work remains unknown. In this paper, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Xingyi Wang , Xiaozheng Wang , Sunyup Park , Yaxing Yao

Research suggests that providing specific and timely feedback to human tutors enhances their performance. However, it presents challenges due to the time-consuming nature of assessing tutor performance by human evaluators. Large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Dollaya Hirunyasiri , Danielle R. Thomas , Jionghao Lin , Kenneth R. Koedinger , Vincent Aleven

Moral judgements form the foundation of human social behavior and societal systems. While Artificial Intelligence chatbots increasingly serve as personal advisors, their influence on moral judgments remains largely unexplored. Here, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yue Teng , Qianer Zhong , Kim Mai Tich Nguyen Thordsen , Christian Montag , Benjamin Becker

One critical aspect of building human-centered, trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) systems is maintaining calibrated trust: appropriate reliance on AI systems outperforms both overtrust (e.g., automation bias) and undertrust (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Siyu Yan , Lusha Zhu , Jian-Qiao Zhu

This paper investigates how natural language communication with an AI agent affects human cooperative behaviour in indefinitely repeated Prisoner's Dilemma games. We conduct a laboratory experiment (n = 126) with two between-subjects…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-18 Chowdhury Mohammad Sakib Anwar , Konstantinos Georgalos

Background: Empathy is widely recognized for improving patient outcomes, including reduced pain and anxiety and improved satisfaction, and its absence can cause harm. Meanwhile, use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Alastair Howcroft , Amber Bennett-Weston , Ahmad Khan , Joseff Griffiths , Simon Gay , Jeremy Howick

Scientists and philosophers have debated whether humans can trust advanced artificial intelligence (AI) agents to respect humanity's best interests. Yet what about the reverse? Will advanced AI agents trust humans? Gauging an AI agent's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Tim Johnson , Nick Obradovich

This study analyzes the possible relationship between personality traits, in terms of Big Five (extraversion, agreeableness, responsibility, emotional stability and openness to experience), and social interactions mediated by digital…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Andrea Mercado , Alethia Hume , Ivano Bison , Fausto Giunchiglia , Amarsanaa Ganbold , Luca Cernuzzi

Using LLMs in healthcare, Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, and Social Computing requires the examination of ethical and social norms to ensure safe incorporation into human life. We conducted a mixed-method study, including an online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Omid Veisi , Sasan Bahrami , Roman Englert , Claudia Müller

Generative AI models garnered a large amount of public attention and speculation with the release of OpenAIs chatbot, ChatGPT. At least two opinion camps exist: one excited about possibilities these models offer for fundamental changes to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Ann Speed

Large Language Models (LLMs) show emergent patterns that mimic human cognition. We explore whether they also mirror other, less deliberative human psychological processes. Drawing upon classical theories of cognitive consistency, two…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Steven A. Lehr , Ketan S. Saichandran , Eddie Harmon-Jones , Nykko Vitali , Mahzarin R. Banaji

Artificially intelligent chatbot, such as ChatGPT, represents a recent and powerful advancement in the AI domain. Users prefer them for obtaining quick and precise answers, avoiding the usual hassle of clicking through multiple links in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Seraj A. M. Mostafa , Md Z. Islam , Mohammad Z. Islam , Fairose Jeehan , Saujanna Jafreen , Raihan U. Islam

AI chatbots are an emerging security attack vector, vulnerable to threats such as prompt injection, and rogue chatbot creation. When deployed in domains such as corporate security policy, they could be weaponized to deliver guidance that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Brandon Lit , Edward Crowder , Daniel Vogel , Hassan Khan

Chatbots are increasingly integrated into people's lives and are widely used to help people. Recently, there has also been growing interest in the reverse direction-humans help chatbots-due to a wide range of benefits including better…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jingshu Li , Zicheng Zhu , Renwen Zhang , Yi-Chieh Lee