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As AI chatbots see increased adoption and integration into everyday life, questions have been raised about the potential impact of human-like or anthropomorphic AI on users. In this work, we investigate the extent to which interactions with…

Chatbots have long been capable of answering basic questions and even responding to obscure prompts, but recently their improvements have been far more significant. Modern chatbots like Open AIs ChatGPT3 not only have the ability to answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Grant Rosario , David Noever

Chatbots' growing popularity has brought new challenges to HCI, having changed the patterns of human interactions with computers. The increasing need to approximate conversational interaction styles raises expectations for chatbots to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Ana Paula Chaves , Marco Aurelio Gerosa

This work investigates the causal mechanism behind the effect of chatbot personification and persuasion strategies on users' perceptions and donation likelihood. In a 2 (personified vs. non-personified chatbot) x 2 (emotional vs. logical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Ekaterina Novozhilova , Jiacheng Huang , Le He , Ziling Li , James Cummings

The interplay between artificial intelligence (AI) and psychology, particularly in personality assessment, represents an important emerging area of research. Accurate personality trait estimation is crucial not only for enhancing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Erik Derner , Dalibor Kučera , Nuria Oliver , Jan Zahálka

This study investigated whether human trust in a social robot with anthropomorphic physicality is similar to that in an AI agent or in a human in order to clarify how anthropomorphic physicality influences human trust in an agent. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Akihiro Maehigashi , Takahiro Tsumura , Seiji Yamada

Apart from the coherence and fluency of responses, an empathetic chatbot emphasizes more on people's feelings. By considering altruistic behaviors between human interaction, empathetic chatbots enable people to get a better interactive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Jiun-Hao Jhan , Chao-Peng Liu , Shyh-Kang Jeng , Hung-Yi Lee

In an era of AI's growing capabilities and influences, recent advancements are reshaping HCI and CSCW's view of AI. Playful interactions emerged as an important way for users to make sense of the ever-changing AI technologies, yet remained…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Mohammad Ronagh Nikghalb , Jinghui Cheng

Empathy is often understood as the ability to share and understand another individual's state of mind or emotion. With the increasing use of chatbots in various domains, e.g., children seeking help with homework, individuals looking for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kristina Schaaff , Caroline Reinig , Tim Schlippe

Objective: Assess the feasibility of using ChatGPT or a similar AI-based chatbot for patient-provider communication. Participants: A US representative sample of 430 study participants aged 18 and above. 53.2% of respondents analyzed were…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Oded Nov , Nina Singh , Devin Mann

Large language models, e.g. ChatGPT are currently contributing enormously to make artificial intelligence even more popular, especially among the general population. However, such chatbot models were developed as tools to support natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Jianlong Zhou , Heimo Müller , Andreas Holzinger , Fang Chen

As AI chatbots become integrated in education, students are turning to these systems for guidance, feedback, and information. However, the anthropomorphic characteristics of these chatbots create ambiguity over whether students develop…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Griffin Pitts , Sanaz Motamedi

This paper investigates how human interactions with AI-powered chatbots may offend human dignity. Current chatbots, driven by large language models (LLMs), mimic human linguistic behaviour but lack the moral and rational capacities…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Jan-Willem van der Rijt , Dimitri Coelho Mollo , Bram Vaassen

Conversation agents, commonly referred to as chatbots, are increasingly deployed in many domains to allow people to have a natural interaction while trying to solve a specific problem. Given their widespread use, it is important to provide…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Biplav Srivastava , Francesca Rossi , Sheema Usmani , and Mariana Bernagozzi

As AI chatbots increasingly incorporate empathy, understanding user-centered perceptions of chatbot empathy and its impact on conversation quality remains essential yet under-explored. This study examines how chatbot identity and perceived…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Tingting Liu , Salvatore Giorgi , Ankit Aich , Allison Lahnala , Brenda Curtis , Lyle Ungar , João Sedoc

With the rise of individual and collaborative networks of autonomous agents, AI is deployed in more key reasoning and decision-making roles. For this reason, ethics-based audits play a pivotal role in the rapidly growing fields of AI safety…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Jon Chun , Katherine Elkins

This article explores human-horse interactions as a metaphor for understanding and designing effective human-AI partnerships. Drawing on the long history of human collaboration with horses, we propose that AI, like horses, should complement…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Mohammad Hossein Jarrahi , Stanley Ahalt

Communication traits in text-based human-AI conversations play pivotal roles in shaping user experiences and perceptions of systems. With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), it is now feasible to analyze these traits at a more…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Ananya Bhattacharjee , Jina Suh , Mahsa Ershadi , Shamsi T. Iqbal , Andrew D. Wilson , Javier Hernandez

Driven by ongoing improvements in machine learning, chatbots have increasingly grown from experimental interface prototypes to reliable and robust tools for process automation. Building on these advances, companies have identified various…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Alessandro Casadei , Stephan Schlögl , Markus Bergmann

The dynamics of human-AI communication have been reshaped by language models such as ChatGPT. However, extant research has primarily focused on dyadic communication, leaving much to be explored regarding the dynamics of human-AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Sion Yoon , Tae Eun Kim , Yoo Jung Oh