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Wheeled-legged robots combine the efficiency of wheeled robots when driving on suitably flat surfaces and versatility of legged robots when stepping over or around obstacles. This paper introduces a planning and control framework to realise…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Songyan Xin , Sethu Vijayakumar

Legged robots have demonstrated remarkable agility on rigid, stationary ground, but their locomotion reliability remains limited in non-inertial environments, where the supporting ground moves, tilts, or accelerates. Such conditions arise…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-24 I-Chia Chang , Xinyan Huang , Tzu-Yuan Lin , Sangli Teng , Wenjing Li , Maani Ghaffari , Jingang Yi , Yan Gu

We present a novel controller design on a robotic locomotor that combines an aerial vehicle with a spring-loaded leg. The main motivation is to enable the terrestrial locomotion capability on aerial vehicles so that they can carry heavy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Yi Wang , Jiarong Kang , Zhiheng Chen , Xiaobin Xiong

We focus on the problem of developing energy efficient controllers for quadrupedal robots. Animals can actively switch gaits at different speeds to lower their energy consumption. In this paper, we devise a hierarchical learning framework,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Yuxiang Yang , Tingnan Zhang , Erwin Coumans , Jie Tan , Byron Boots

Robust and energy-efficient bipedal locomotion in robotics is still a challenging topic. In order to address issues in this field, we can take inspiration from nature, by studying human locomotion. The Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Ludo C. Visser , Stefano Stramigioli , Raffaella Carloni

Legged robots must achieve both robust locomotion and energy efficiency to be practical in real-world environments. Yet controllers trained in simulation often fail to transfer reliably, and most existing approaches neglect…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Filip Bjelonic , Fabian Tischhauser , Marco Hutter

Agile-legged robots have proven to be highly effective in navigating and performing tasks in complex and challenging environments, including disaster zones and industrial settings. However, these applications normally require the capability…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Mohsen Sombolestan , Quan Nguyen

In contrast with the diversity of materials found in nature, most robots are designed with some combination of aluminum, stainless steel, and 3D-printed filament. Additionally, robotic systems are typically assumed to follow basic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Andrew K. Schulz , Ayah G. Ahmad , Maegan Tucker

Limitations in actuation, sensing, and computation have forced small legged robots to rely on carefully tuned, mechanically mediated leg trajectories for effective locomotion. Recent advances in manufacturing, however, have enabled the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Neel Doshi , Kaushik Jayaram , Samantha Castellanos , Scott Kuindersma , Robert J Wood

This paper proposes a modular framework to generate robust biped locomotion using a tight coupling between an analytical walking approach and deep reinforcement learning. This framework is composed of six main modules which are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Mohammadreza Kasaei , Miguel Abreu , Nuno Lau , Artur Pereira , Luis Paulo Reis

Locomotion on granular slopes such as sand dunes remains a fundamental challenge for legged robots due to reduced shear strength and gravity-induced anisotropic yielding of granular media. Using a hexapedal robot on a tiltable granular bed,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Xingjue Liao , Feifei Qian

Galloping is a common high-speed gait in both animals and quadrupedal robots, yet its energetic characteristics remain insufficiently explored. This study systematically analyzes a large number of possible galloping gaits by categorizing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yasser G. Alqaham , Jing Cheng , Zhenyu Gan

To traverse complex three-dimensional terrainwith large obstacles, animals and robots must transition across different modes. However, the most mechanistic understanding of terrestrial locomotion concerns how to generate and stabilize…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Ratan Othayoth , Qihan Xuan , Yaqing Wang , Chen Li

Soft pneumatic legged robots show promise in their ability to traverse a range of different types of terrain, including natural unstructured terrain met in applications like precision agriculture. They can adapt their body morphology to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Zhichao Liu , Konstantinos Karydis

A great advantage of legged robots is their ability to operate on particularly difficult and obstructed terrain, which demands dynamic, robust, and precise movements. The study of obstacle courses provides invaluable insights into the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Maximilian Albracht , Shivesh Kumar , Shubham Vyas , Frank Kirchner

This paper addresses the challenge of terrain-adaptive dynamic locomotion in humanoid robots, a problem traditionally tackled by optimization-based methods or reinforcement learning (RL). Optimization-based methods, such as model-predictive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Shangqun Yu , Nisal Perera , Daniel Marew , Donghyun Kim

Multi-legged mobile robots possess high mobility performance in rough terrain environments, stemming from their high postural stability, joint flexibility, and the redundancy provided by multiple legs. In prior research on navigating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Yusuke Tsunoda , Seiya Yamamoto , Kazuki Ito , Runze Xiao , Keisuke Naniwa , Koichi Osuka

Hopping robots often lose balance on slopes because the tilted ground creates unwanted rotation at landing. This work analyzes that effect using a simple spring mass model and identifies how slope induced impulses destabilize the robot. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Heston Roberts , Pronoy Sarker , Sm Ashikul Islam , Min Gyu Kim

Learning controllers that reproduce legged locomotion in nature has been a long-time goal in robotics and computer graphics. While yielding promising results, recent approaches are not yet flexible enough to be applicable to legged systems…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Daniel Ordonez-Apraez , Antonio Agudo , Francesc Moreno-Noguer , Mario Martin

Biped robots are inherently unstable because of their complex kinematics as well as dynamics. Despite the many research efforts in developing biped locomotion, the performance of biped locomotion is still far from the expectations. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Mohammadreza Kasaei , Ali Ahmadi , Nuno Lau , Artur Pereira