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Biological neural networks do not only include long-term memory and weight multiplication capabilities, as commonly assumed in artificial neural networks, but also more complex functions such as short-term memory, short-term plasticity, and…

Neuromorphic computing has emerged as a promising avenue towards building the next generation of intelligent computing systems. It has been proposed that memristive devices, which exhibit history-dependent conductivity modulation, could…

Dendritic spines, which are small protrusions on the dendrites of a neuron, are of interest in neuroscience as they are related to cognitive processes such as learning and memory. We analyse the distribution of spine locations on six…

Brain activity is characterized by brain-wide spatiotemporal patterns which emerge from synapse-mediated interactions between individual neurons. Calcium imaging provides access to in vivo recordings of whole-brain activity at single-neuron…

Motion segmentation for natural images commonly relies on dense optic flow to yield point trajectories which can be grouped into clusters through various means including spectral clustering or minimum cost multicuts. However, in biological…

In recent years, new technologies in neuroscience have made it possible to measure the activities of large numbers of neurons simultaneously in behaving animals. For each neuron, a fluorescence trace is measured; this can be seen as a…

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables indirect detection of brain activity changes via the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Conventional analysis methods mainly rely on the real-valued magnitude of these signals.…

Cryogenic neuromorphic systems, inspired by the brains unparalleled efficiency, present a promising paradigm for next generation computing architectures.This work introduces a fully integrated neuromorphic framework that combines…

Non-invasive methods to measure brain activity are important to understand cognitive processes in the human brain. A prominent example is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which is a noisy measurement of a delayed signal that…

Improving coherence is a fundamental challenge in quantum simulation and sensing experiments with trapped ions. Here we discuss, experimentally demonstrate, and estimate the potential impacts of two different protocols that enhance, through…

Mapping behavioral actions to neural activity is a fundamental goal of neuroscience. As our ability to record large neural and behavioral data increases, there is growing interest in modeling neural dynamics during adaptive behaviors to…

Deep neural networks (DNN) consist of layers of neurons interconnected by synaptic weights. A high bit-precision in weights is generally required to guarantee high accuracy in many applications. Minimizing error accumulation between layers…

A growing body of work underlines striking similarities between biological neural networks and recurrent, binary neural networks. A relatively smaller body of work, however, discusses similarities between learning dynamics employed in deep…

Calcium imaging is an important technique for monitoring the activity of thousands of neurons simultaneously. As calcium imaging datasets grow in size, automated detection of individual neurons is becoming important. Here we apply a…

The computational efficiency of the human brain is believed to stem from the parallel information processing capability of neurons with integrated storage in synaptic interconnections programmed by local spike triggered learning rules such…

Inferring synaptic connectivity from neural population activity is a fundamental challenge in computational neuroscience, complicated by partial observability and mismatches between inference models and true circuit dynamics. In this study,…

Despite recent interest in reconstructing neuronal networks, complete wiring diagrams on the level of individual synapses remain scarce and the insights into function they can provide remain unclear. Even for Caenorhabditis elegans, whose…

Fluorescence microscopy allows for a detailed inspection of cells, cellular networks, and anatomical landmarks by staining with a variety of carefully-selected markers visualized as color channels. Quantitative characterization of…

A person's movement or relative positioning can be effectively captured by different types of sensors and corresponding sensor output can be utilized in various manipulative techniques for the classification of different human activities.…

Central neurons operate in a regime of constantly fluctuating conductances, induced by thousands of presynaptic cells. Channelrhodopsins have been almost exclusively used to imprint a fixed spike pattern by sequences of brief…