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In the paper, we analyze the $\eta_c$ decays into light hadrons at the next-to-leading order QCD corrections by applying the principle of maximum conformality (PMC). The relativistic correction at the ${\cal{O}}(\alpha_s v^2)$-order level…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-01-30 Bo-Lun Du , Xing-Gang Wu , Jun Zeng , Shi Bu , Jian-Ming Shen

It has been shown that the principle of maximum conformality (PMC) provides a systematic way to solve conventional renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities. The scale-fixed predictions for physical observables using the PMC are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-04-11 Xu-Dong Huang , Xing-Gang Wu , Xu-Chang Zheng , Jiang Yan , Zhi-Fei Wu , Hong-Hao Ma

As one of the key components of perturbative QCD theory, it is helpful to find a systematic and reliable way to set the renormalization scale for a high-energy process. The conventional treatment is to take a typical momentum as the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-18 Yang Ma , Xing-Gang Wu , Hong-Hao Ma , Hua-Yong Han

A key problem in making precise perturbative QCD predictions is to set the proper renormalization scale of the running coupling. The extended renormalization group equations, which express the invariance of physical observables under both…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-18 Stanley J. Brodsky , Xing-Gang Wu

In the present paper, we first give a detailed study on the pQCD corrections to the leading-twist part of BSR. Previous pQCD corrections to the leading-twist part derived under conventional scale-setting approach up to ${\cal…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-08-04 Qing Yu , Xing-Gang Wu , Hua Zhou , Xu-Dong Huang

Under the conventional scale setting, the renormalization scale uncertainty usually constitutes a systematic error for a fixed-order perturbative QCD estimation. The recently suggested principle of maximum conformality (PMC) provides a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-10-04 Sheng-Quan Wang , Xing-Gang Wu , Xu-Chang Zheng , Jian-Ming Shen , Qiong-Lian Zhang

We analyse the top-quark decay at the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD by using the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) which provides a systematic way to eliminate renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities in perturbative…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-02-08 Rui-Qing Meng , Sheng-Quan Wang , Ting Sun , Chao-Qin Luo , Jian-Ming Shen , Xing-Gang Wu

A key problem in making precise perturbative QCD predictions is to set the proper renormalization scale of the running coupling. The conventional scale-setting procedure assigns an arbitrary range and an arbitrary systematic error to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-07-15 Xing-Gang Wu , Stanley J. Brodsky , Matin Mojaza

The principle of maximum conformality (PMC) is used to remove uncertainties in the renormalization scale and scheme, thus eliminating unnecessary systematic errors for high-precision perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) predictions.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-03 Daniel Salinas-Arizmendi , Claudio Dib , Ivan Schmidt

We present a detailed study on the properties of the free energy density at the high temperature by applying the principle of maximum conformality (PMC) scale-setting method within the effective field theory. The PMC utilizes the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-07-31 Shi Bu , Xing-Gang Wu , Jian-Ming Shen , Jun Zeng

The next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) pQCD predictions for both the decay width and the transition form factor in the $\eta_c\rightarrow \gamma\gamma$ process, based on nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD), deviate from precise experimental…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-04 Sheng-Quan Wang , Zhu-Yu Ren , Jian-Ming Shen , Xing-Gang Wu , Leonardo Di Giustino , Stanley J. Brodsky

Theoretical calculations for event shape observables are often determined by using the conventional scale setting; i.e. the procedure defined by setting the renormalization scale to the center-of-mass energy $\mu_r=\sqrt{s}$ and evaluating…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-08-04 Zhu-Yu Ren , Sheng-Quan Wang , Jian-Ming Shen , Xing-Gang Wu , Leonardo Di Giustino

The next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) pQCD prediction for the $\gamma\gamma^* \to \eta_c$ form factor was evaluated in 2015 using nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD). A strong discrepancy between the NRQCD prediction and the BaBar measurements…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-06-01 Sheng-Quan Wang , Xing-Gang Wu , Wen-Long Sang , Stanley J. Brodsky

Heavy fermion pair production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation is a fundamental process in hadron physics and is of considerable interest for various phenomena. In this paper, we will apply the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) to provide a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-07-15 Sheng-Quan Wang , Stanley J. Brodsky , Xing-Gang Wu , Leonardo Di Giustino , Jian-Ming Shen

We show results for Thrust and C-parameter in $e^+ e^-$ annihilation to 3 jets obtained using the recently developed new method for eliminating the scale ambiguity and the scheme dependence in pQCD namely the Infinite-Order Scale-Setting…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-10-12 Leonardo Di Giustino , Stanley J. Brodsky , Xing-Gang Wu , Sheng-Quan Wang

In this paper, we give comprehensive analyses for event shape observables in electron-positron annihilation by using the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) which is a rigorous scale-setting method to eliminate the renormalization…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-10-19 Sheng-Quan Wang , Chao-Qin Luo , Xing-Gang Wu , Jian-Ming Shen , Leonardo Di Giustino

As a basic requirement of the renormalization group invariance, any physical observable must be independent of the choice of both the renormalization scheme and the initial renormalization scale. In this paper, we show that by using the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-05-30 Xing-Gang Wu , Jian-Ming Shen , Bo-Lun Du , Stanley J. Brodsky

In the paper, we present QCD predictions for $\eta_{c} + \gamma$ production at an electron-position collider up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy without renormalization scale ambiguities. The NNLO total cross-section for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-24 Huai-Min Yu , Wen-Long Sang , Xu-Dong Huang , Jun Zeng , Xing-Gang Wu , Stanley J. Brodsky

A key problem in making precise perturbative QCD (pQCD) predictions is how to set the renormalization scale of the running coupling unambiguously at each finite order. The elimination of the uncertainty in setting the renormalization scale…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-03 Hong-Hao Ma , Xing-Gang Wu , Yang Ma , Stanley J. Brodsky , Matin Mojaza

We present a new approach to determining the strong coupling $\alpha_s(Q)$, over the entire range of validity of perturbative QCD, for scales above $\Lambda_{\mathrm{QCD}}$ and up to the Planck scale $\sim1.22\cdot10^{19}$\,GeV, with the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-16 Leonardo Di Giustino , Stanley J. Brodsky , Philip G. Ratcliffe , Sheng-Quan Wang , Xing-Gang Wu