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Learning from positive and unlabeled data (PU learning) is actively researched machine learning task. The goal is to train a binary classification model based on a training dataset containing part of positives which are labeled, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-29 Wojciech Rejchel , Paweł Teisseyre , Jan Mielniczuk

Most positive and unlabeled data is subject to selection biases. The labeled examples can, for example, be selected from the positive set because they are easier to obtain or more obviously positive. This paper investigates how learning can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Jessa Bekker , Pieter Robberechts , Jesse Davis

Majority of state-of-the-art deep learning methods are discriminative approaches, which model the conditional distribution of labels given inputs features. The success of such approaches heavily depends on high-quality labeled instances,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Yanwu Xu , Mingming Gong , Junxiang Chen , Tongliang Liu , Kun Zhang , Kayhan Batmanghelich

Partial label learning deals with the problem where each training instance is assigned a set of candidate labels, only one of which is correct. This paper provides the first attempt to leverage the idea of self-training for dealing with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Lei Feng , Bo An

Multi-label learning deals with the classification problems where each instance can be assigned with multiple labels simultaneously. Conventional multi-label learning approaches mainly focus on exploiting label correlations. It is usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-08 Xiangnan Kong , Zhaoming Wu , Li-Jia Li , Ruofei Zhang , Philip S. Yu , Hang Wu , Wei Fan

Partial-label learning is a popular weakly supervised learning setting that allows each training example to be annotated with a set of candidate labels. Previous studies on partial-label learning only focused on the classification setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Xin Cheng , Deng-Bao Wang , Lei Feng , Min-Ling Zhang , Bo An

From only positive (P) and unlabeled (U) data, a binary classifier could be trained with PU learning, in which the state of the art is unbiased PU learning. However, if its model is very flexible, empirical risks on training data will go…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Ryuichi Kiryo , Gang Niu , Marthinus C. du Plessis , Masashi Sugiyama

Self-supervised pretraining on unlabeled data followed by supervised fine-tuning on labeled data is a popular paradigm for learning from limited labeled examples. We extend this paradigm to the classical positive unlabeled (PU) setting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Anish Acharya , Sujay Sanghavi , Li Jing , Bhargav Bhushanam , Dhruv Choudhary , Michael Rabbat , Inderjit Dhillon

Complementary-label Learning (CLL) is a form of weakly supervised learning that trains an ordinary classifier using only complementary labels, which are the classes that certain instances do not belong to. While existing CLL studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Wei-I Lin , Gang Niu , Hsuan-Tien Lin , Masashi Sugiyama

Semi-supervised learning methods are motivated by the availability of large datasets with unlabeled features in addition to labeled data. Unlabeled data is, however, not guaranteed to improve classification performance and has in fact been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-25 Xiuming Liu , Dave Zachariah , Johan Wågberg , Thomas B. Schön

Obtaining accurate class labels is often costly or unreliable, and may also be limited by privacy or other practical conditions. Compared with asking an annotator to provide the exact class, it is often easier to ask whether the true label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jiaxu Su , Junpeng Li , Changchun Hua , Yana Yang

The recently proposed unlabeled-unlabeled (UU) classification method allows us to train a binary classifier only from two unlabeled datasets with different class priors. Since this method is based on the empirical risk minimization, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Nan Lu , Tianyi Zhang , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Pseudo-Labeling is a simple and effective approach to semi-supervised learning. It requires criteria that guide the selection of pseudo-labeled data. The latter have been shown to crucially affect pseudo-labeling's generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Julian Rodemann

Complementary-label learning (CLL) is a weakly supervised paradigm where instances are labeled with classes they do not belong to. Despite a decade of research, CLL methods remain competitive mainly on 10-class classification, with scaling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tan-Ha Mai , Chao-Kai Chiang , Han-Hwa Shih , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Hsuan-Tien Lin

There has been increased interest in devising learning techniques that combine unlabeled data with labeled data ? i.e. semi-supervised learning. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed across various techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-09-12 N. V. Chawla , Grigoris Karakoulas

Positive-unlabeled (PU) learning is a weakly supervised binary classification problem, in which the goal is to learn a binary classifier from only positive and unlabeled data, without access to negative data. In recent years, many PU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Wei Wang , Dong-Dong Wu , Ming Li , Jingxiong Zhang , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

We explore the problem of learning under selective labels in the context of algorithm-assisted decision making. Selective labels is a pervasive selection bias problem that arises when historical decision making blinds us to the true outcome…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Maria De-Arteaga , Artur Dubrawski , Alexandra Chouldechova

Curation of large fully supervised datasets has become one of the major roadblocks for machine learning. Weak supervision provides an alternative to supervised learning by training with cheap, noisy, and possibly correlated labeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Chidubem Arachie , Bert Huang

Learning representations of data, and in particular learning features for a subsequent prediction task, has been a fruitful area of research delivering impressive empirical results in recent years. However, relatively little is understood…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-11 Daniel McNamara , Cheng Soon Ong , Robert C. Williamson

Contrastive learning has achieved remarkable success in learning effective representations, with supervised contrastive learning often outperforming self-supervised approaches. However, in real-world scenarios, data annotations are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zi-Hao Zhou , Jun-Jie Wang , Tong Wei , Min-Ling Zhang