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There has been an increased interest in data generation approaches to grammatical error correction (GEC) using pseudo data. However, these approaches suffer from several issues that make them inconvenient for real-world deployment including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Masato Mita , Hitomi Yanaka

Grammatical error correction systems improve written communication by detecting and correcting language mistakes. To help language learners better understand why the GEC system makes a certain correction, the causes of errors (evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Yuejiao Fei , Leyang Cui , Sen Yang , Wai Lam , Zhenzhong Lan , Shuming Shi

Grammar error correction (GEC) systems have become ubiquitous in a variety of software applications, and have started to approach human-level performance for some datasets. However, very little is known about how to efficiently personalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Maria Nadejde , Joel Tetreault

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) systems play a vital role in assisting people with their daily writing tasks. However, users may sometimes come across a GEC system that initially performs well but fails to correct errors when the inputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yue Zhang , Leyang Cui , Enbo Zhao , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

We combine two of the most popular approaches to automated Grammatical Error Correction (GEC): GEC based on Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) and GEC based on Neural Machine Translation (NMT). The hybrid system achieves new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Roman Grundkiewicz , Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt

Existing approaches for grammatical error correction (GEC) largely rely on supervised learning with manually created GEC datasets. However, there has been little focus on verifying and ensuring the quality of the datasets, and on how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Masato Mita , Shun Kiyono , Masahiro Kaneko , Jun Suzuki , Kentaro Inui

The task of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) has received remarkable attention with wide applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP) in recent years. While one of the key principles of GEC is to keep the correct parts unchanged and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Jiquan Li , Junliang Guo , Yongxin Zhu , Xin Sheng , Deqiang Jiang , Bo Ren , Linli Xu

We extend a current sequence-tagging approach to Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) by introducing specialised tags for spelling correction and morphological inflection using the SymSpell and LemmInflect algorithms. Our approach improves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Stuart Mesham , Christopher Bryant , Marek Rei , Zheng Yuan

The utilization of technology in second language learning and teaching has become ubiquitous. For the assessment of writing specifically, automated writing evaluation (AWE) and grammatical error correction (GEC) have become immensely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Izia Xiaoxiao Wang , Xihan Wu , Edith Coates , Min Zeng , Jiexin Kuang , Siliang Liu , Mengyang Qiu , Jungyeul Park

We introduce gec-metrics, a library for using and developing grammatical error correction (GEC) evaluation metrics through a unified interface. Our library enables fair system comparisons by ensuring that everyone conducts evaluations using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Takumi Goto , Yusuke Sakai , Taro Watanabe

We perform neural machine translation of sentence fragments in order to create large amounts of training data for English grammatical error correction. Our method aims at simulating mistakes made by second language learners, and produces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Eetu Sjöblom , Mathias Creutz , Teemu Vahtola

The growing demand for automated writing assistance in diverse academic domains highlights the need for robust Chinese Grammatical Error Correction (CGEC) systems that can adapt across disciplines. However, existing CGEC research largely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Shang Qin , Jingheng Ye , Yinghui Li , Hai-Tao Zheng , Qi Li , Jinxiao Shan , Zhixing Li , Hong-Gee Kim

Code-switching (CSW) is a common phenomenon among multilingual speakers where multiple languages are used in a single discourse or utterance. Mixed language utterances may still contain grammatical errors however, yet most existing Grammar…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Kelvin Wey Han Chan , Christopher Bryant , Li Nguyen , Andrew Caines , Zheng Yuan

Evaluation of grammatical error correction (GEC) systems has primarily focused on essays written by non-native learners of English, which however is only part of the full spectrum of GEC applications. We aim to broaden the target domain of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Simon Flachs , Ophélie Lacroix , Helen Yannakoudakis , Marek Rei , Anders Søgaard

Chinese Grammatical Error Correction (CGEC) aims to generate a correct sentence from an erroneous sequence, where different kinds of errors are mixed. This paper divides the CGEC task into two steps, namely spelling error correction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Xiuyu Wu , Yunfang Wu

Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) relies on accurate error annotation and evaluation, yet existing frameworks, such as $\texttt{errant}$, face limitations when extended to typologically diverse languages. In this paper, we introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mengyang Qiu , Tran Minh Nguyen , Zihao Huang , Zelong Li , Yang Gu , Qingyu Gao , Siliang Liu , Jungyeul Park

With the rise of globalisation, code-switching (CSW) has become a ubiquitous part of multilingual conversation, posing new challenges for natural language processing (NLP), especially in Grammatical Error Correction (GEC). This work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Tom Potter , Zheng Yuan

The primary objective of Chinese grammatical error correction (CGEC) is to detect and correct errors in Chinese sentences. Recent research shows that large language models (LLMs) have been applied to CGEC with significant results. For LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Baoxin Wang , Yumeng Luo , Yixuan Wang , Dayong Wu , Wanxiang Che , Shijin Wang

The paper focuses on the interpretability of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) evaluation metrics, which received little attention in previous studies. To bridge the gap, we introduce **CLEME2.0**, a reference-based metric describing four…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jingheng Ye , Zishan Xu , Yinghui Li , Linlin Song , Qingyu Zhou , Hai-Tao Zheng , Ying Shen , Wenhao Jiang , Hong-Gee Kim , Ruitong Liu , Xin Su , Zifei Shan

Grammatical error correction (GEC) tools, powered by advanced generative artificial intelligence (AI), competently correct linguistic inaccuracies in user input. However, they often fall short in providing essential natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Subhankar Maity , Aniket Deroy , Sudeshna Sarkar