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The Bayesian and Akaike information criteria aim at finding a good balance between under- and over-fitting. They are extensively used every day by practitioners. Yet we contend they suffer from at least two afflictions: their penalty…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Sylvain Sardy , Maxime van Cutsem , Sara van de Geer

What, if anything, should a frequentist say about a single realized confidence interval (CI) and its chance of having covered the parameter? Jerzy Neyman's original answer was to refuse any nondegenerate probability for coverage ex post…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2026-03-06 Scott Lee

This short study presents an opportunistic approach to a (more) reliable validation method for prediction uncertainty average calibration. Considering that variance-based calibration metrics (ZMS, NLL, RCE...) are quite sensitive to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-27 Pascal Pernot

Statistical analyses of multipopulation studies often use the data to select a particular population as the target of inference. For example, a confidence interval may be constructed for a population only in the event that its sample mean…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Peter Hoff , Surya Tokdar

Information criteria, such as Akaike's information criterion and Bayesian information criterion are often applied in model selection. However, their asymptotic behaviors for selecting geostatistical regression models have not been well…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-03 Chih-Hao Chang , Hsin-Cheng Huang , Ching-Kang Ing

In model selection literature, two classes of criteria perform well asymptotically in different situations: Bayesian information criterion (BIC) (as a representative) is consistent in selection when the true model is finite dimensional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-03 Wei Liu , Yuhong Yang

We compare several confidence intervals after model selection in the setting recently studied by Berk et al. [Ann. Statist. 41 (2013) 802-837], where the goal is to cover not the true parameter but a certain nonstandard quantity of interest…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-30 Hannes Leeb , Benedikt M. Pötscher , Karl Ewald

Noting the erroneous proclivity of information-theoretic approaches, like the Akaike information criterion (AIC), to select simpler models while performing model selection with a small sample size, we address the problem of new physics…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-08-12 Srimoy Bhattacharya , Soumitra Nandi , Sunando Kumar Patra , Shantanu Sahoo

In a regression context, when the relevant subset of explanatory variables is uncertain, it is common to use a data-driven model selection procedure. Classical linear model theory, applied naively to the selected sub-model, may not be valid…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-08 Liang Hong , Todd A. Kuffner , Ryan Martin

The Akaike information criterion (AIC) is a common tool for model selection. It is frequently used in violation of regularity conditions at parameter space singularities and boundaries. The expected AIC is generally not asymptotically…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-09 Jonathan D. Mitchell , Elizabeth S. Allman , John A. Rhodes

We investigate the issue of post-selection inference for a fixed and a mixed parameter in a linear mixed model using a conditional Akaike information criterion as a model selection procedure. Within the framework of linear mixed models we…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-24 Gerda Claeskens , Katarzyna Reluga , Stefan Sperlich

Variable selection is essential for improving inference and interpretation in multivariate linear regression. Although a number of alternative regressor selection criteria have been suggested, the most prominent and widely used are the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-07 Zhidong Bai , Yasunori Fujikoshi , Jiang Hu

A popular model selection approach for generalized linear mixed-effects models is the Akaike information criterion, or AIC. Among others, \cite{vaida05} pointed out the distinction between the marginal and conditional inference depending on…

Methodology · Statistics 2008-10-14 Heng Lian

Standard conformal prediction offers a marginal guarantee on coverage, but for prediction sets to be truly useful, they should ideally ensure coverage conditional on each test point. Unfortunately, it is impossible to achieve exact,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jivat Neet Kaur , Michael I. Jordan , Ahmed Alaa

Selecting the number of regimes in Hidden Markov models is an important problem. There are many criteria that are used to select this number, such as Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), integrated…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-23 Bouchra R Nasri , Bruno N Rémillard , Mamadou Y Thioub

The use of Bayesian information criterion (BIC) in the model selection procedure is under the assumption that the observations are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). However, in practice, we do not always have i.i.d. samples.…

Applications · Statistics 2021-05-03 Nan Shen , Bárbara González

Information of interest can often only be extracted from data by model fitting. When the functional form of such a model can not be deduced from first principles, one has to make a choice between different possible models. A common approach…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-22 Jens Thomas , Mathias Lipka

Confidence interval procedures used in low dimensional settings are often inappropriate for high dimensional applications. When a large number of parameters are estimated, marginal confidence intervals associated with the most significant…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-24 Jean Morrison , Noah Simon

We emphasize that it is possible to improve the principle of unbiased risk estimation for model selection by addressing excess risk deviations in the design of penalization procedures. Indeed, we propose a modification of Akaike's…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-23 Adrien Saumard , Fabien Navarro

Effective model selection is critical in symbolic regression (SR) to identify mathematical expressions that balance accuracy and complexity, and have low expected error on unseen data. Many modern implementations of genetic programming (GP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ali Soltani , Gabriel Kronberger , Fabricio Olivetti de Franca , Mattia Billa , Alessandro Lucantonio