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Over the past decade, research in quantum computing has tended to fall into one of two camps: near-term intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) and fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). Yet, a growing body of work has been investigating how to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 Amara Katabarwa , Katerina Gratsea , Athena Caesura , Peter D. Johnson

Quantum computing roadmaps predict the availability of 10,000 qubit devices within the next 3-5 years. With projected two-qubit error rates of 0.1%, these systems will enable certain operations under quantum error correction (QEC) using…

Error filtration is a hardware scheme that mitigates noise by exploiting auxiliary qubits and entangling gates. Although both signal and ancillas are subject to local noise, constructive interference(and in some cases post-selection) allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Aaqib Ali , Giovanni Scala , Cosmo Lupo

Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics to achieve computational advantages over classical hardware, but the use of third-party quantum compilers in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era introduces risks of intellectual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Amal Raj , Vivek Balachandran

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is typically viewed as a suite of practical techniques for today's noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, with limited relevance once fault-tolerant quantum computers become available. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Zeyuan Zhou , Shaun Pexton , Aleksander Kubica , Yongshan Ding

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have established themselves as a central computational paradigm in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. By coupling parameterized quantum circuits (PQCs) with classical optimization, they…

Quantum Error Correction (QEC), combined with magic state distillation, ensures fault tolerance in large-scale quantum computation. To apply QEC, a circuit must first be transformed into a non-Clifford (or T) gate set. T-depth, the number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Avimita Chatterjee , Archisman Ghosh , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for quantum computers to perform useful algorithms, but large-scale fault-tolerant computation remains out of reach due to demanding requirements on operation fidelity and the number of…

This paper introduces ObfusQate, a novel tool that conducts obfuscations using quantum primitives to enhance the security of both classical and quantum programs. We have designed and implemented two primary categories of obfuscations:…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Nikhil Bartake , See Toh Zi Jie , Carmen Wong Jiawen , Michael Kasper , Vivek Balachandran

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for enabling quantum advantages, with decoding as a central algorithmic primitive. Owing to its importance and intrinsic difficulty, substantial effort has been made to QEC decoder design, among…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Ge Yan , Shanchuan Li , Yuxuan Du

With the constantly advancing capabilities of quantum computers, conventional cryptographic systems relying on complex math problems may encounter unforeseen vulnerabilities. Unlike regular computers, which are often deemed cost-ineffective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Emils Bagirovs , Grigory Provodin , Tuomo Sipola , Jari Hautamäki

Quantum computers create new security risks for today's encryption systems. This paper presents an improved version of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) that uses quantum technology to strengthen protection. Our approach offers two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Albert Nieto-Morales , Arit Kumar Bishwas , Joel Jacob Varghese

Quantum computing is rapidly advancing toward cloud-based services, raising significant concerns about the privacy and security of computations outsourced to untrusted quantum servers. Universal Blind Quantum Computation (UBQC) protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Youngkyung Lee , Doyoung Chung

Quantum security improves cryptographic protocols by applying quantum mechanics principles, assuring resistance to both quantum and conventional computer attacks. This work addresses these issues by integrating Quantum Key Distribution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Tasmin Karim , Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon , Md. Fahim Sultan , Mst Shapna Akter

As quantum computing matures and moves toward broader accessibility through cloud-based platforms, ensuring the authenticity and integrity of quantum computations becomes an urgent concern. In this work, we propose a strategy to leverage…

Universal quantum computation is striking for its unprecedented capability in processing information, but its scalability is challenging in practice because of the inevitable environment noise. Although quantum error correction (QEC)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-11 Y. Ma , Y. Xu , X. Mu , W. Cai , L. Hu , W. Wang , X. Pan , H. Wang , Y. P. Song , C. -L. Zou , L. Sun

The new field of quantum error correction has developed spectacularly since its origin less than two years ago. Encoded quantum information can be protected from errors that arise due to uncontrolled interactions with the environment.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 John Preskill

Progress in fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) has driven the pursuit of practical applications with early fault-tolerant quantum computers (EFTQC). These devices, limited in their qubit counts and fault-tolerance capabilities,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-06 Qiyao Liang , Yiqing Zhou , Archismita Dalal , Peter D. Johnson

The construction of a quantum computer remains a fundamental scientific and technological challenge, in particular due to unavoidable noise. Quantum states and operations can be protected from errors using protocols for fault-tolerant…

Quantum error detection (QED) offers a promising pathway to fault tolerance in near-term quantum devices by balancing error suppression with minimal resource overhead. However, its practical utility hinges on optimizing design…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Tom Ginsberg , Vyom Patel
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