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Large language models have become a powerful method for feature augmentation in recommendation systems. However, existing approaches relying on quick inference often suffer from incomplete feature coverage and insufficient specificity in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Weihao Liu , Zhaocheng Du , Haiyuan Zhao , Wenbo Zhang , Xiaoyan Zhao , Gang Wang , Zhenhua Dong , Jun Xu

Deep learning (DL) creates impactful advances following a virtuous recipe: model architecture search, creating large training data sets, and scaling computation. It is widely believed that growing training sets and models should improve…

Scaling laws in deep learning -- empirical power-law relationships linking model performance to resource growth -- have emerged as simple yet striking regularities across architectures, datasets, and tasks. These laws are particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Francesco D'Amico , Dario Bocchi , Matteo Negri

This paper derives "scaling laws"--empirical relationships between the training compute of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their performance--for economic outcomes. In a preregistered online experiment, 300 professional translators…

General Economics · Economics 2024-12-10 Ali Merali

Predicting material properties is crucial for designing better batteries, semiconductors, and medical devices. Deep learning helps scientists quickly find promising materials by predicting their energy, forces, and stresses. Companies scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Akshay Trikha , Kyle Chu , Advait Gosai , Parker Szachta , Eric Weiner

Recent advancement of large-scale pretrained models such as BERT, GPT-3, CLIP, and Gopher, has shown astonishing achievements across various task domains. Unlike vision recognition and language models, studies on general-purpose user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Kyuyong Shin , Hanock Kwak , Su Young Kim , Max Nihlen Ramstrom , Jisu Jeong , Jung-Woo Ha , Kyung-Min Kim

The laws of model size, data volume, computation and model performance have been extensively studied in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, the scaling laws in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) have not yet been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Miao Rang , Zhenni Bi , Chuanjian Liu , Yunhe Wang , Kai Han

We study empirical scaling laws for language model performance on the cross-entropy loss. The loss scales as a power-law with model size, dataset size, and the amount of compute used for training, with some trends spanning more than seven…

The remarkable progress in deep learning in recent years is largely driven by improvements in scale, where bigger models are trained on larger datasets for longer schedules. To predict the benefit of scale empirically, we argue for a more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin , Behnam Neyshabur , Xiaohua Zhai

Generative recommendation models can model user behavior as sequences of events and provide a shared backbone for multiple recommendation tasks. In production, however, pre-training gains do not automatically translate into downstream…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Qiuling Xu , Ko-Jen Hsiao , Moumita Bhattacharya

The rapid advancements in large Language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their reasoning capabilities, driven by various strategies such as multi-agent collaboration. However, unlike the well-established performance improvements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zihan Chen , Song Wang , Zhen Tan , Xingbo Fu , Zhenyu Lei , Peng Wang , Huan Liu , Cong Shen , Jundong Li

Neural scaling laws establish a predictable relationship between model performance and data or compute, offering crucial guidance for resource allocation in new domains and tasks. Yet such laws are most needed precisely where they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xing Han , Ziyin Liu , Suchi Saria , Paul Pu Liang

Scaling laws are useful guides for derisking expensive training runs, as they predict performance of large models using cheaper, small-scale experiments. However, there remain gaps between current scaling studies and how language models are…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have been largely driven by scaling laws for individual models, which predict performance improvements as model parameters and data volume increase. However, the capabilities of any single LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Dakuan Lu , Jiaqi Zhang , Cheng Yuan , Jiawei Shao , Xuelong Li

Neural scaling laws describe how the performance of deep neural networks scales with key factors such as training data size, model complexity, and training time, often following power-law behaviors over multiple orders of magnitude. Despite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-14 Roman Worschech , Bernd Rosenow

Guided by the belief of the scaling law, large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in recent years. However, scaling law only gives a qualitative estimation of loss, which is influenced by various factors such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Chuhan Wu , Ruiming Tang

Neural scaling laws characterize how model performance improves as the model size scales up. Inspired by empirical observations, we introduce a resource model of neural scaling. A task is usually composite hence can be decomposed into many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Jinyeop Song , Ziming Liu , Max Tegmark , Jeff Gore

The performance of a language model has been shown to be effectively modeled as a power-law in its parameter count. Here we study the scaling behaviors of Routing Networks: architectures that conditionally use only a subset of their…

In this work, we provide a large-scale empirical study of the scaling properties of multilingual neural machine translation models. We examine how increases in the model size affect the model performance and investigate the role of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Patrick Fernandes , Behrooz Ghorbani , Xavier Garcia , Markus Freitag , Orhan Firat

Deep neural networks exhibit empirical neural scaling laws, with error decreasing as a power law with increasing model or data size, across a wide variety of architectures, tasks, and datasets. This universality suggests that scaling laws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Ari Brill