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With the increasing adoption of AI-driven tools in software development, large language models (LLMs) have become essential for tasks like code generation, bug fixing, and optimization. Tools like ChatGPT, GitHub Copilot, and Codeium…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Md Sultanul Islam Ovi , Nafisa Anjum , Tasmina Haque Bithe , Md. Mahabubur Rahman , Mst. Shahnaj Akter Smrity

AI assistants can help developers by recommending code to be included in their implementations (e.g., suggesting the implementation of a method from its signature). Although useful, these recommendations may mirror copyleft code available…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Gaia Colombo , Leonardo Mariani , Daniela Micucci , Oliviero Riganelli

The majority of software developers use or are planning to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in their development processes. Their top reasons include improving productivity and faster learning. In fact, Large Language Model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Srivathsan G Morkonda , Mahmoud Selim , Hala Assal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become powerful tools for automated code generation. However, these models often overlook critical security practices, which can result in the generation of insecure code that contains…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hao Yan , Swapneel Suhas Vaidya , Xiaokuan Zhang , Ziyu Yao

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enhanced software development processes, minimizing the time and effort required for coding and enhancing developer productivity. However, despite their potential benefits, code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Swaroop Dora , Deven Lunkad , Naziya Aslam , S. Venkatesan , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

GitHub Copilot is an AI-enabled tool that automates program synthesis. It has gained significant attention since its launch in 2021. Recent studies have extensively examined Copilot's capabilities in various programming tasks, as well as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Kei Koyanagi , Dong Wang , Kotaro Noguchi , Masanari Kondo , Alexander Serebrenik , Yasutaka Kamei , Naoyasu Ubayashi

Large language models (LLMs) have brought significant advancements to code generation and code repair, benefiting both novice and experienced developers. However, their training using unsanitized data from open-source repositories, like…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jiexin Wang , Xitong Luo , Liuwen Cao , Hongkui He , Hailin Huang , Jiayuan Xie , Adam Jatowt , Yi Cai

LLM models are increasingly used to generate code, but the quality and security of this code are often uncertain. Several recent studies have raised alarm bells, indicating that such AI-generated code may be particularly vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Kobra Khanmohammadi , Pooria Roy , Raphael Khoury , Abdelwahab Hamou-Lhadj , Wilfried Patrick Konan

AI programming assistants have demonstrated a tendency to generate code containing basic security vulnerabilities. While developers are ultimately responsible for validating and reviewing such outputs, improving the inherent quality of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Catherine Xia , Manar H. Alalfi

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the code generation capabilities of ChatGPT, a prominent large language model, compared to human programmers. A novel dataset of 131 code-generation prompts across 5 categories was curated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Muhammad Fawad Akbar Khan , Max Ramsdell , Erik Falor , Hamid Karimi

While several studies have examined the security of code generated by GPT and other Large Language Models (LLMs), most have relied on controlled experiments rather than real developer interactions. This paper investigates the security of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Vladislav Belozerov , Peter J Barclay , Ashkan Sami

AI-powered coding assistants, like GitHub Copilot, are increasingly used to boost developers' productivity. However, their output quality hinges on the contextual richness of the prompts. Meanwhile, gaze behaviour carries rich cognitive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yasmine Elfares , Gül Çalikli , Mohamed Khamis

This paper aims to explore fundamental questions in the era when AI coding assistants like GitHub Copilot are widely adopted: what do developers truly value and criticize in AI coding assistants, and what does this reveal about their needs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yunbo Lyu , Zhou Yang , Jieke Shi , Jianming Chang , Yue Liu , David Lo

We witness an increasing usage of AI-assistants even for routine (classroom) programming tasks. However, the code generated on basis of a so called "prompt" by the programmer does not always meet accepted security standards. On the one…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Stefan Goetz , Andreas Schaad

Artificial intelligence (AI) assistants such as GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT, built on large language models like GPT-4, are revolutionizing how programming tasks are performed, raising questions about whether code is authored by generative…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Oseremen Joy Idialu , Noble Saji Mathews , Rungroj Maipradit , Joanne M. Atlee , Mei Nagappan

Recent advancements in large language models, including GPT-4 and its variants, and Generative AI-assisted coding tools like GitHub Copilot, ChatGPT, and Tabnine, have significantly transformed software development. This paper analyzes how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Vijay Joshi , Iver Band

Large language models (LLMs) for code generation are becoming integral to modern software development, but their real-world prevalence and security impact remain poorly understood. We present the first large-scale empirical study of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Bin Wang , Wenjie Yu , Yilu Zhong , Hao Yu , Keke Lian , Chaohua Lu , Hongfang Zheng , Dong Zhang , Hui Li

The increasing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software development has garnered significant attention from researchers evaluating the capabilities and limitations of LLMs for code generation. However, much of the research focuses on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Xiao Yu , Lei Liu , Xing Hu , Jin Liu , Xin Xia

AI-powered coding assistant tools have revolutionized the software engineering ecosystem. However, prior work has demonstrated that these tools are vulnerable to poisoning attacks. In a poisoning attack, an attacker intentionally injects…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Sanghak Oh , Kiho Lee , Seonhye Park , Doowon Kim , Hyoungshick Kim

GitHub is a popular data repository for code examples. It is being continuously used to train several AI-based tools to automatically generate code. However, the effectiveness of such tools in correctly demonstrating the usage of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Catherine Tony , Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra , Riccardo Scandariato