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Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) has been introduced as a means by which controllable designer agents can be trained based only on a set of computable metrics acting as a proxy for the level's quality and key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Sam Earle , Zehua Jiang , Julian Togelius

There is a lack of standard benchmarks for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms. The Starcraft Multi-Agent Challenge (SMAC) has been widely used in MARL research, but is built on top of a heavy, closed-source computer game,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Adam Michalski , Filippos Christianos , Stefano V. Albrecht

Games have long been used as benchmarks and testing environments for research in artificial intelligence. A key step in supporting this research was the development of game description languages: frameworks that compile domain-specific code…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Graham Todd , Alexander G. Padula , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Julian Togelius

Multi-agent Reinforcement learning (MARL) studies the behaviour of multiple learning agents that coexist in a shared environment. MARL is more challenging than single-agent RL because it involves more complex learning dynamics: the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Roger Creus Castanyer

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms face the challenge of efficient exploration due to the exponential increase in the size of the joint state-action space. While demonstration-guided learning has proven beneficial in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Peihong Yu , Manav Mishra , Alec Koppel , Carl Busart , Priya Narayan , Dinesh Manocha , Amrit Bedi , Pratap Tokekar

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been gaining extensive attention from academia and industries in the past few decades. One of the fundamental problems in MARL is how to evaluate different approaches comprehensively. Most…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Zhiuxan Liang , Jiannong Cao , Shan Jiang , Divya Saxena , Jinlin Chen , Huafeng Xu

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is central to robotic systems cooperating in dynamic environments. While prior work has focused on these collaborative settings, adversarial interactions are equally critical for real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Isaac Peterson , Christopher Allred , Jacob Morrey , Mario Harper

We present JigsawRL, a cost-efficient framework that explores Pipeline Multiplexing as a new dimension of RL parallelism. JigsawRL decomposes each pipeline into a Sub-Stage Graph that exposes the intra-stage and inter-worker imbalance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhengding Hu , Hehua Ouyang , Chang Chen , Zaifeng Pan , Yue Guan , Zhongkai Yu , Zhen Wang , Steven Swanson , Yufei Ding

Recent years have witnessed significant advances in reinforcement learning (RL), which has registered great success in solving various sequential decision-making problems in machine learning. Most of the successful RL applications, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Kaiqing Zhang , Zhuoran Yang , Tamer Başar

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial method for training or fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), enabling adaptive, task-specific optimizations through interactive feedback. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Junwei Su , Chuan Wu

The goal of continuous control is to synthesize desired behaviors. In reinforcement learning (RL)-driven approaches, this is often accomplished through careful task reward engineering for efficient exploration and running an off-the-shelf…

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a growing research area which gained significant traction in recent years, extending Deep RL applications to a much wider range of problems. A particularly challenging class of problems in this…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Charles Dansereau , Junior-Samuel Lopez-Yepez , Karthik Soma , Antoine Fagette

In recent years, \emph{Reinforcement Learning} (RL) has made remarkable progress, achieving superhuman performance in a wide range of simulated environments. As research moves toward deploying RL in real-world applications, the field faces…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become the most effective post-training approach for improving the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). In practice, because of the high demands on latency and memory, it is particularly challenging…

Deep multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms are booming in the field of collaborative intelligence, and StarCraft multi-agent challenge (SMAC) is widely-used as the benchmark therein. However, imaginary opponents of MARL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yadong Li , Tong Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhen Cui

In robot control, planning, and learning, there is a need for rigid-body dynamics libraries that are highly performant, easy to use, and compatible with CPUs and accelerators. While existing libraries often excel at either low-latency CPU…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Daniel Morton , Marco Pavone

The deployment of multi-agent systems in dynamic, adversarial environments like robotic soccer necessitates real-time decision-making, sophisticated cooperation, and scalable algorithms to avoid the curse of dimensionality. While…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Aya Taourirte , Md Sohag Mia

While many multi-robot coordination problems can be solved optimally by exact algorithms, solutions are often not scalable in the number of robots. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is gaining increasing attention in the robotics…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Matteo Bettini , Ryan Kortvelesy , Jan Blumenkamp , Amanda Prorok

Developing Large Language Models (LLMs) to cooperate and compete effectively within multi-agent systems (MASs) is a critical step towards more advanced intelligence. While reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective for enhancing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Huining Yuan , Zelai Xu , Zheyue Tan , Xiangmin Yi , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long , Haojia Hui , Boxun Li , Xinlei Chen , Bo Zhao , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

We present Brax, an open source library for rigid body simulation with a focus on performance and parallelism on accelerators, written in JAX. We present results on a suite of tasks inspired by the existing reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-28 C. Daniel Freeman , Erik Frey , Anton Raichuk , Sertan Girgin , Igor Mordatch , Olivier Bachem