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Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can find an optimal policy for a single agent to accomplish a particular task. However, many real-world problems require multiple agents to collaborate in order to achieve a common goal. For example, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jan Corazza , Hadi Partovi Aria , Hyohun Kim , Daniel Neider , Zhe Xu

Instead of making behavioral decisions directly from the exponentially expanding joint observational-action space, subtask-based multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods enable agents to learn how to tackle different subtasks. Most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Wenjing Zhang , Wei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with mathematical reasoning tasks requiring precise, verifiable computation. While Reinforcement Learning (RL) from outcome-based rewards enhances text-based reasoning, understanding how agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Xinji Mai , Haotian Xu , Zhong-Zhi Li , Xing W , Weinong Wang , Jian Hu , Yingying Zhang , Wenqiang Zhang

A challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is minimizing the cost of sampling associated with exploration. Distributed exploration reduces sampling complexity in multi-agent RL (MARL). We investigate the benefits to performance in MARL when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Justin Lidard , Udari Madhushani , Naomi Ehrich Leonard

We consider the problem of multi-agent navigation and collision avoidance when observations are limited to the local neighborhood of each agent. We propose InforMARL, a novel architecture for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) which…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Siddharth Nayak , Kenneth Choi , Wenqi Ding , Sydney Dolan , Karthik Gopalakrishnan , Hamsa Balakrishnan

RSL-RL is an open-source Reinforcement Learning library tailored to the specific needs of the robotics community. Unlike broad general-purpose frameworks, its design philosophy prioritizes a compact and easily modifiable codebase, allowing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Clemens Schwarke , Mayank Mittal , Nikita Rudin , David Hoeller , Marco Hutter

We consider model-based multi-agent reinforcement learning, where the environment transition model is unknown and can only be learned via expensive interactions with the environment. We propose H-MARL (Hallucinated Multi-Agent Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Maryam Kamgarpour , Andreas Krause

Previous multilingual benchmarks focus primarily on simple understanding tasks, but for large language models(LLMs), we emphasize proficiency in instruction following, reasoning, long context understanding, code generation, and so on.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Xu Huang , Wenhao Zhu , Hanxu Hu , Conghui He , Lei Li , Shujian Huang , Fei Yuan

Today, using multiple heterogeneous accelerators efficiently from applications and high-level frameworks, such as TensorFlow and Caffe, poses significant challenges in three respects: (a) sharing accelerators, (b) allocating available…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-03 Manos Pavlidakis , Stelios Mavridis , Antony Chazapis , Giorgos Vasiliadis , Angelos Bilas

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become central to training large language models (LLMs), yet the field lacks predictive scaling methodologies comparable to those established for pre-training. Despite rapidly rising compute budgets, there is…

We present a comparative study of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms for cooperative warehouse robotics. We evaluate QMIX and IPPO on the Robotic Warehouse (RWARE) environment and a custom Unity 3D simulation. Our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Price Allman , Lian Thang , Dre Simmons , Salmon Riaz

Learning cooperative multi-agent policies directly from high-dimensional, multimodal sensory inputs like pixels and audio (from pixels) is notoriously sample-inefficient. Model-free Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sureyya Akin , Kavita Srivastava , Prateek B. Kapoor , Pradeep G. Sethi , Sunita Q. Patel , Rahu Srivastava

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated a great potential for automatically solving decision-making problems in complex uncertain environments. RL proposes a computational approach that allows learning through interaction in an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Yisel Garí , David A. Monge , Elina Pacini , Cristian Mateos , Carlos García Garino

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promising results in active flow control (AFC), yet progress in the field remains difficult to assess as existing studies rely on heterogeneous observation and actuation schemes, numerical setups, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jannis Becktepe , Aleksandra Franz , Nils Thuerey , Sebastian Peitz

Many recent successful off-policy multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms for cooperative partially observable environments focus on finding factorized value functions, leading to convoluted network structures. Building on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Raphaël Avalos , Mathieu Reymond , Ann Nowé , Diederik M. Roijers

It is common practice in reinforcement learning (RL) research to train and deploy agents in bespoke simulators, typically implemented by engineers directly in general-purpose programming languages or hardware acceleration frameworks such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Dennis J. N. J. Soemers , Spyridon Samothrakis , Kurt Driessens , Mark H. M. Winands

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven its worth in a series of artificial domains, and is beginning to show some successes in real-world scenarios. However, much of the research advances in RL are hard to leverage in real-world systems due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Gabriel Dulac-Arnold , Nir Levine , Daniel J. Mankowitz , Jerry Li , Cosmin Paduraru , Sven Gowal , Todd Hester

Reactive jammers pose a severe security threat to robotic-swarm networks by selectively disrupting inter-agent communications and undermining formation integrity and mission success. Conventional countermeasures such as fixed power control…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Bahman Abolhassani , Tugba Erpek , Kemal Davaslioglu , Yalin E. Sagduyu , Sastry Kompella

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) face two fundamental limitations: excessive token consumption when overanalyzing simple information processing tasks, and inability to access up-to-date knowledge beyond their training data. We introduce MARS…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Guoxin Chen , Zile Qiao , Wenqing Wang , Donglei Yu , Xuanzhong Chen , Hao Sun , Minpeng Liao , Kai Fan , Yong Jiang , Penguin Xie , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ruihua Song , Fei Huang

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising data-driven approach for adaptive traffic signal control (ATSC) in complex urban traffic networks, and deep neural networks further enhance its learning power. However, centralized RL is infeasible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Tianshu Chu , Jie Wang , Lara Codecà , Zhaojian Li
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