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Related papers: Open-Sourcing Highly Capable Foundation Models: An…

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Advanced AI models hold the promise of tremendous benefits for humanity, but society needs to proactively manage the accompanying risks. In this paper, we focus on what we term "frontier AI" models: highly capable foundation models that…

The widespread adoption of cloud computing has resulted in the proliferation of open source cloud computing frameworks that give more control to enterprises over their data and networks. Though the benefits of open source software are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-16 Irum Rauf , Elena Troubitsyna

Increasingly multi-purpose AI models, such as cutting-edge large language models or other 'general-purpose AI' (GPAI) models, 'foundation models,' generative AI models, and 'frontier models' (typically all referred to hereafter with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Anthony M. Barrett , Jessica Newman , Brandie Nonnecke , Nada Madkour , Dan Hendrycks , Evan R. Murphy , Krystal Jackson , Deepika Raman

The rise of model sharing through frameworks and dedicated hubs makes Machine Learning significantly more accessible. Despite its benefits, loading shared models exposes users to underexplored security risks, while security awareness…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Gabriele Digregorio , Marco Di Gennaro , Stefano Zanero , Stefano Longari , Michele Carminati

Large Language Models (LLMs) are distinguished by their architecture, which dictates their parameter size and performance capabilities. Social scientists have increasingly adopted LLMs for text classification tasks, which are difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Marcello Carammia , Stefano Maria Iacus , Giuseppe Porro

Recent advances in artificial intelligence research have led to a profusion of studies that apply deep learning to problems in image analysis and natural language processing among others. Additionally, the availability of open-source…

Open-weight general-purpose AI (GPAI) models offer significant benefits but also introduce substantial cybersecurity risks, as demonstrated by the offensive capabilities of models like DeepSeek-R1 in evaluations such as MITRE's OCCULT.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Alfonso de Gregorio

Historically, open source commitments have been deemed irrevocable once materials are released under open source licenses. In this paper, the authors argue for the creation of a subset of rights that allows open source contributors to force…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Paul Gagnon , Misha Benjamin , Justine Gauthier , Catherine Regis , Jenny Lee , Alexei Nordell-Markovits

Model documentation plays a crucial role in promoting transparency and responsible development of AI systems. With the rise of Generative AI (GenAI), open-source platforms have increasingly become hubs for hosting and distributing these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Ningjing Tang , Megan Li , Amy Winecoff , Michael Madaio , Hoda Heidari , Hong Shen

Lightweight fine-tuning techniques and the rise of 'open' AI model marketplaces have enabled individuals to easily build and release generative models. Yet, this accessibility also raises risks, including the production of harmful and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Eun Jeong Kang , Fengyang Lin , Angel Hsing-Chi Hwang

The rise of AI has been rapid, becoming a leading sector for investment and promising disruptive impacts across the economy. Within the critical analysis of the economic impacts, AI has been aligned to the critical literature on data power…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Christopher Foster

Open-sourcing foundation models (FMs) enables broad reuse but also exposes model trainers to economic and safety risks from unrestricted downstream fine-tuning. We address this problem by building non-fine-tunable foundation models: models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ziyao Wang , Nizhang Li , Pingzhi Li , Guoheng Sun , Tianlong Chen , Ang Li

A growing ecosystem of large, open-source foundation models has reduced the labeled data and technical expertise necessary to apply machine learning to many new problems. Yet foundation models pose a clear dual-use risk, indiscriminately…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Peter Henderson , Eric Mitchell , Christopher D. Manning , Dan Jurafsky , Chelsea Finn

With the increasing prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) in diverse science/engineering communities, AI models emerge on an unprecedented scale among various domains. However, given the complexity and diversity of the software and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Sixing Yu , Murali Emani , Chunhua Liao , Pei-Hung Lin , Tristan Vanderbruggen , Xipeng Shen , Ali Jannesari

Foundation models have recently expanded into robotics after excelling in computer vision and natural language processing. The models are accessible in two ways: open-source or paid, closed-source options. Users with access to both face a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Po-han Li , Oyku Selin Toprak , Aditya Narayanan , Ufuk Topcu , Sandeep Chinchali

AI development is embracing open-source paradigm, but the fundamental distinction between AI models and traditional software artifacts may lead to a divergent open-source development paradigm with different collaborative practices, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hengzhi Ye , Minghui Zhou

In the current era, people and society have grown increasingly reliant on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. AI has the potential to drive us towards a future in which all of humanity flourishes. It also comes with substantial risks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Lu Cheng , Kush R. Varshney , Huan Liu

The rapid expansion of AI-based remote services has intensified debates about the long-term implications of growing structural concentration in infrastructure and expertise. As AI capabilities become increasingly intertwined with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 António Branco , Luís Gomes , Rodrigo Santos , Eduardo Santos , João Silva , Nuno Marques , Madalena Rodrigues

Many generative foundation models (or GFMs) are trained on publicly available data and use public infrastructure, but 1) may degrade the "digital commons" that they depend on, and 2) do not have processes in place to return value captured…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Saffron Huang , Divya Siddarth

We argue that there is a need for Accessibility to be represented in several important domains: - Capitalize on the new capabilities AI provides - Support for open source development of AI, which can allow disabled and disability focused…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jennifer Mankoff , Janice Light , James Coughlan , Christian Vogler , Abraham Glasser , Gregg Vanderheiden , Laura Rice