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Related papers: Open-Sourcing Highly Capable Foundation Models: An…

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Currently, there is uncertainty surrounding the merits of open-source versus proprietary algorithm development. Though justification in favor of each exists, we argue that open-source algorithm development should be the standard in highly…

Applications · Statistics 2020-11-13 Philip D. Waggoner , Alec Macmillen

The rapid scaling of AI has spurred a growing emphasis on ethical considerations in both development and practice. This has led to the formulation of increasingly sophisticated model auditing and reporting requirements, as well as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Mahasweta Chakraborti , Bert Joseph Prestoza , Nicholas Vincent , Seth Frey

Generative artificial intelligence (Gen AI) systems represent a critical technology with far-reaching implications across multiple domains of society. However, their deployment entails a range of risks and challenges that require careful…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Jorge Machado

Training advanced AI models requires large investments in computational resources, or compute. Yet, as hardware innovation reduces the price of compute and algorithmic advances make its use more efficient, the cost of training an AI model…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Konstantin Pilz , Lennart Heim , Nicholas Brown

Open-source status should not shield generative artificial intelligence systems from ethical or legal accountability. Through a rigorous analysis of regulatory, legal, and policy frameworks, this Article contends that open-source GenAI must…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-02 David Atkinson

Language models (LM or LLM) are increasingly deployed in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications, but the question arises as to whether they can be a common resource managed and maintained by a community of users.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Robin Quillivic , Salma Mesmoudi

Generative AI release decisions determine whether system components are made available, but release does not address many other elements that change how users and stakeholders are able to engage with a system. Beyond release, access to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Irene Solaiman , Rishi Bommasani , Dan Hendrycks , Ariel Herbert-Voss , Yacine Jernite , Aviya Skowron , Andrew Trask

Context:With the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology and applications, numerous AI models have been developed, leading to the emergence of open-source model hosting platforms like Hugging Face (HF). Thanks to these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Hao Qin , Mingyang Li , Junjie Wang , Qing Wang

Foundation models are at the forefront of AI research, appealing for their ability to learn from vast datasets and cater to diverse tasks. Yet, their significant computational demands raise issues of environmental impact and the risk of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Leyang Xue , Meghana Madhyastha , Randal Burns , Myungjin Lee , Mahesh K. Marina

The downstream use cases, benefits, and risks of AI systems depend significantly on the access afforded to the system, and to whom. However, the downstream implications of different access styles are not well understood, making it difficult…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Edward Kembery , Ben Bucknall , Morgan Simpson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become instrumental in advancing software engineering (SE) tasks, showcasing their efficacy in code understanding and beyond. Like traditional SE tools, open-source collaboration is key in realising the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Zhihao Lin , Wei Ma , Tao Lin , Yaowen Zheng , Jingquan Ge , Jun Wang , Jacques Klein , Tegawende Bissyande , Yang Liu , Li Li

Foundation models are powerful technologies: how they are released publicly directly shapes their societal impact. In this position paper, we focus on open foundation models, defined here as those with broadly available model weights (e.g.…

A concern about cutting-edge or "frontier" AI foundation models is that an adversary may use the models for preparing chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, (CBRN), cyber, or other attacks. At least two methods can identify foundation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Anthony M. Barrett , Krystal Jackson , Evan R. Murphy , Nada Madkour , Jessica Newman

AI and its relevant technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, chatbots, virtual assistants, and others, are currently undergoing a profound transformation of development and organizational processes within companies.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Tingting Bi , Guangsheng Yu , Qin Wang

The rapid proliferation of generative AI has raised questions about the competitiveness of lower-parameter, locally tunable, open-weight models relative to high-parameter, API-guarded, closed-weight models in terms of performance, domain…

Current regulations on powerful AI capabilities are narrowly focused on "foundation" or "frontier" models. However, these terms are vague and inconsistently defined, leading to an unstable foundation for governance efforts. Critically,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Ritwik Gupta , Leah Walker , Rodolfo Corona , Stephanie Fu , Suzanne Petryk , Janet Napolitano , Trevor Darrell , Andrew W. Reddie

As the capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) continue to expand rapidly, Human-AI (HAI) Collaboration, combining human intellect and AI systems, has become pivotal for advancing problem-solving and decision-making processes. The…

Foundation models - models trained on broad data that can be adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks - can pose significant risks, ranging from intimate image abuse, cyberattacks, to bioterrorism. To reduce these risks, policymakers are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Sophie Williams , Jonas Schuett , Markus Anderljung

The recent explosion of "foundation" generative AI models has been built upon the extensive extraction of value from online sources, often without corresponding reciprocation. This pattern mirrors and intensifies the extractive practices of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Philip Feldman , James R. Foulds , Shimei Pan

Most frameworks for assessing the openness of AI systems use narrow criteria such as availability of data, model, code, documentation, and licensing terms. However, to evaluate whether the intended effects of openness - such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Tamara Paris , Shalaleh Rismani