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We propose a novel personalized concept for the optimal treatment selection for a situation where the response is a multivariate vector, that could contain right-censored variables such as survival time. The proposed method can be applied…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-03 Chathura Siriwardhana , K. B. Kulasekera , Somnath Datta

Policy learning can be used to extract individualized treatment regimes from observational data in healthcare, civics, e-commerce, and beyond. One big hurdle to policy learning is a commonplace lack of overlap in the data for different…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-04 Nathan Kallus

An individualized decision rule (IDR) is a decision function that assigns each individual a given treatment based on his/her observed characteristics. Most of the existing works in the literature consider settings with binary or finitely…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-31 Hengrui Cai , Chengchun Shi , Rui Song , Wenbin Lu

Inferring causal individual treatment effect (ITE) from observational data is a challenging problem whose difficulty is exacerbated by the presence of treatment assignment bias. In this work, we propose a new way to estimate the ITE using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Abhin Shah , Kartik Ahuja , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Dennis Wei , Kush Varshney , Amit Dhurandhar

Estimating individualized treatment rules - particularly in the context of right-censored outcomes - is challenging because the treatment effect heterogeneity of interest is often small, thus difficult to detect. While this motivates the…

Applications · Statistics 2022-02-16 Erica EM Moodie , Janie Coulombe , Coraline Danieli , Christel Renoux , Susan M Shortreed

Practitioners often use data from a randomized controlled trial to learn a treatment assignment policy that can be deployed on a target population. A recurring concern in doing so is that, even if the randomized trial was well-executed…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-04-25 Lihua Lei , Roshni Sahoo , Stefan Wager

We study the subtlety of optimal paternalism when a utilitarian planner has the power to design a discrete choice set for a heterogeneous population with bounded rationality. We first consider the planning problem in abstraction. We show…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-23 Charles F. Manski , Eytan Sheshinski

The aim of Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is to infer a reward function $R$ from a policy $\pi$. To do this, we need a model of how $\pi$ relates to $R$. In the current literature, the most common models are optimality, Boltzmann…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Joar Skalse , Alessandro Abate

We propose a new modeling and estimation approach to select the optimal treatment regime from different options through constructing a robust estimating equation. The method is protected against misspecification of the propensity score…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-15 Trinetri Ghosh , Yanyuan Ma , Wensheng Zhu , Yuanjia Wang

As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, researchers are reporting findings of randomized trials comparing standard care with care augmented by experimental drugs. The trials have small sample sizes, so estimates of treatment effects are…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-06-02 Charles F. Manski , Aleksey Tetenov

In many clinical trials, individuals in different subgroups have experience differential treatment effects. This leads to individualized differences in treatment benefit. In this article, we introduce the general concept of predictive…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-11 Debashis Ghosh , Youngjoo Cho

Personalized medicine, a paradigm of medicine tailored to a patient's characteristics, is an increasingly attractive field in health care. An important goal of personalized medicine is to identify a subgroup of patients, based on baseline…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-31 Hengrui Cai , Wenbin Lu , Rachel Marceau West , Devan V. Mehrotra , Lingkang Huang

Learning beneficial treatment allocations for a patient population is an important problem in precision medicine. Many treatments come with adverse side effects that are not commensurable with their potential benefits. Patients who do not…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-14 Sofia Ek , Dave Zachariah

A/B testing is critical for modern technological companies to evaluate the effectiveness of newly developed products against standard baselines. This paper studies optimal designs that aim to maximize the amount of information obtained from…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-07 Ting Li , Chengchun Shi , Jianing Wang , Fan Zhou , Hongtu Zhu

Threshold policies are decision rules that assign treatments based on whether an observable characteristic exceeds a certain threshold. They are widespread across multiple domains, including welfare programs, taxation, and clinical…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-04-08 Federico Crippa

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are used in medicine to tailor sequential treatment decisions to patients by considering patient heterogeneity. Common methods for learning optimal DTRs, however, have shortcomings: they are typically based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-21 Theresa Blümlein , Joel Persson , Stefan Feuerriegel

Algorithmic predictions are increasingly used to inform the allocation of scarce resources. The promise of these methods is that, through machine learning, they can better identify the people who would benefit most from interventions.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ben Jacobsen , Nitin Kohli

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is a common technique for inferring human preferences from data. Standard IRL techniques tend to assume that the human demonstrator is stationary, that is that their policy $\pi$ doesn't change over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Harry Giles , Lawrence Chan

The fundamental assignment problem is in search of welfare maximization mechanisms to allocate items to agents when the private preferences over indivisible items are provided by self-interested agents. The mainstream mechanism…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Yansong Gao , Jie Zhang

Many-to-many matching with contracts is studied in the framework of revealed preferences. All preferences are described by choice functions that satisfy natural conditions. Under a no-externality assumption individual preferences can be…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Daniel Lehmann