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ChatGLM is a free-to-use AI service powered by the ChatGLM family of large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we present the ChatGLM-RLHF pipeline -- a reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) system -- designed to enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Zhenyu Hou , Yilin Niu , Zhengxiao Du , Xiaohan Zhang , Xiao Liu , Aohan Zeng , Qinkai Zheng , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

While reinforcement learning (RL) enables robots to acquire skills autonomously, its real-world deployment is severely limited by inefficient and unsafe exploration. Human-in-the-loop interventions offer a practical solution, yet existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yunyang Mo , Jian Li , Qiwei Wu , Yihang Kang , Renjing Xu

Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) has received significant attention for performing tasks without the need for costly manual reward design by aligning human preferences. It is crucial to consider diverse human feedback types…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Yifu Yuan , Jianye Hao , Yi Ma , Zibin Dong , Hebin Liang , Jinyi Liu , Zhixin Feng , Kai Zhao , Yan Zheng

Large language models are first pre-trained on trillions of tokens and then instruction-tuned or aligned to specific preferences. While pre-training remains out of reach for most researchers due to the compute required, fine-tuning has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Megh Thakkar , Quentin Fournier , Matthew D Riemer , Pin-Yu Chen , Amal Zouaq , Payel Das , Sarath Chandar

Safe Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (Safe RLHF) has recently achieved empirical success in developing helpful and harmless large language models by decoupling human preferences regarding helpfulness and harmlessness. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Qiang Liu , Adrienne Kline , Ermin Wei

Learning from human feedback has enabled the alignment of language models (LMs) with human preferences. However, collecting human preferences is expensive and time-consuming, with highly variable annotation quality. An appealing alternative…

Recent empirical results have demonstrated that training large language models (LLMs) with negative-only feedback can match or exceed standard reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). Negative Sample Reinforcement achieves parity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Quan Cheng

Recent advances in generative AI have been driven by alignment techniques such as reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). RLHF and related techniques typically involve constructing a dataset of binary or ranked choice human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Kailas Vodrahalli , Wei Wei , James Zou

Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback (RLAIF) has the advantages of shorter annotation cycles and lower costs over Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), making it highly efficient during the rapid strategy iteration periods…

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) aims to align language models (LMs) with human values by training reward models (RMs) on binary preferences and using these RMs to fine-tune the base LMs. Despite its importance, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Manon Revel , Matteo Cargnelutti , Tyna Eloundou , Greg Leppert

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences has proven to drastically improve usability and has driven rapid adoption as demonstrated by ChatGPT. Alignment techniques such as supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement…

Reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) is an emerging paradigm to align models with human preferences. Typically, RLHF aggregates preferences from multiple individuals who have diverse viewpoints that may conflict with each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Huiying Zhong , Zhun Deng , Weijie J. Su , Zhiwei Steven Wu , Linjun Zhang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (\textbf{RLHF}) has emerged as a dominant approach for aligning LLM outputs with human preferences. Inspired by the success of RLHF, we study the performance of multiple algorithms that learn from…

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a promising solution to align large language models (LLMs) more closely with human values. Off-policy preference optimization, where the preference data is obtained from other models, is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Wenxuan Zhou , Ravi Agrawal , Shujian Zhang , Sathish Reddy Indurthi , Sanqiang Zhao , Kaiqiang Song , Silei Xu , Chenguang Zhu

In practice, preference learning from human feedback depends on incomplete data with hidden context. Hidden context refers to data that affects the feedback received, but which is not represented in the data used to train a preference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Anand Siththaranjan , Cassidy Laidlaw , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Reinforcement Learning frameworks, particularly those utilizing human annotations, have become an increasingly popular method for preference fine-tuning, where the outputs of a language model are tuned to match a certain set of behavioral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Archie Chaudhury

Reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) fine-tunes a pretrained large language model (LLM) using user preference data, enabling it to generate content aligned with human preferences. However, due to privacy concerns, users may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Feijie Wu , Xiaoze Liu , Haoyu Wang , Xingchen Wang , Lu Su , Jing Gao

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a pivotal technique that aligns language models closely with human-centric values. The initial phase of RLHF involves learning human values using a reward model from ranking data. It is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Banghua Zhu , Michael I. Jordan , Jiantao Jiao

Large language models (LLMs) can provide automated feedback in educational settings, but aligning an LLMs style with a specific instructors tone while maintaining diagnostic correctness remains challenging. We ask how can we update an LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ravi Ranjan , Utkarsh Grover , Xiaomin Lin , Agoritsa Polyzou

Personalizing large language models (LLMs) to accommodate diverse user preferences is essential for enhancing alignment and user satisfaction. Traditional reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) approaches often rely on monolithic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Avinandan Bose , Zhihan Xiong , Yuejie Chi , Simon Shaolei Du , Lin Xiao , Maryam Fazel