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Computing Nash equilibrium policies is a central problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning that has received extensive attention both in theory and in practice. However, provable guarantees have been thus far either limited to fully…

Is there an algorithm that takes a game in normal form as input, and outputs a Nash equilibrium? If the payoffs are integers, the answer is yes, and lot of work has been done in its computational complexity. If the payoffs are permitted to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Tonicha Crook , Arno Pauly

We pursue the possible connections between classical games and quantum computation. The Parrondo game is one in which a random combination of two losing games produces a winning game. We introduce novel realizations of this Parrondo effect…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Chiu Fan Lee , Neil Johnson

A quantum financial approach to finite games of strategy is addressed, with an extension of Nash's theorem to the quantum financial setting, allowing for an entanglement of games of strategy with two-period financial allocation problems…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2012-02-10 Carlos Pedro Gonçalves

Adiabatic quantum computing is implemented on specialized hardware using the heuristics of the quantum annealing algorithm. This setup requires the addressed problems to be formatted as discrete quadratic functions without constraints and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Olga Okrut , Keith Cannon , Kareem H. El-Safty , Nada Elsokkary , Faisal Shah Khan

A quantum algorithm for an oracle problem can be understood as a quantum strategy for a player in a two-player zero-sum game in which the other player is constrained to play classically. I formalize this correspondence and give examples of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 David A. Meyer

We consider a quantum version of a well-known statistical decision problem, whose solution is, at first sight, counter-intuitive to many. In the quantum version a continuum of possible choices (rather than a finite set) has to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. M. D'Ariano , R. D. Gill , M. Keyl , B. Kuemmerer , H. Maassen , R. F. Werner

In a recently introduced coset guessing game, Alice plays against Bob and Charlie, aiming to meet a joint winning condition. Bob and Charlie can only communicate before the game starts to devise a joint strategy. The game we consider begins…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Michael Schleppy , Emina Soljanin , Nicolas Swanson

In a one-off Minority game, when a group of players agree to collaborate they gain an advantage over the remaining players. We consider the advantage obtained in a quantum Minority game by a coalition sharing an initially entangled state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Adrian P. Flitney , Andrew D. Greentree

We analyze the necessary physical conditions to model an open quantum system as a quantum game. By applying the formalism of Quantum Operations on a particular system, we use Kraus operators as quantum strategies. The physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jean Faber , Renato Portugal , Luiz Pinguelli Rosa

Games involving quantum strategies often yield higher payoff. Here, we study a practical realization of the three-player dilemma game using the superconductivity-based quantum processors provided by IBM Q Experience. We analyze the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Pranav Kairon , Kishore Thapliyal , R. Srikanth , Anirban Pathak

A classic model to study strategic decision making in multi-agent systems is the normal-form game. This model can be generalised to allow for an infinite number of pure strategies leading to continuous games. Multi-objective normal-form…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Willem Röpke , Carla Groenland , Roxana Rădulescu , Ann Nowé , Diederik M. Roijers

We build new quantum games, similar to the spin flip game, where as a novelty the players perform measurements on a quantum system associated to a continuous time search algorithm. The measurements collapse the wave function into one of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Alejandro Romanelli

We consider the problem of a particular kind of quantum correlation that arises in some two-party games. In these games, one player is presented with a question they must answer, yielding an outcome of either 'win' or 'lose'. Molina and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-14 Srinivasan Arunachalam , Abel Molina , Vincent Russo

We characterize exact, and approximate, optimality of games that players can interact with using quantum strategies. In comparison to a previous work of the author, arXiv: 2311.12887, which applied a 2016 framework due to Ostrev for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Pete Rigas

We consider a class of Wasserstein distributionally robust Nash equilibrium problems, where agents construct heterogeneous data-driven Wasserstein ambiguity sets using private samples and radii, in line with their individual risk-averse…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Georgios Pantazis , Reza Rahimi Baghbadorani , Sergio Grammatico

We investigate a multi-player and multi-choice quantum game. We start from two-player and two-choice game and the result is better than its classical version. Then we extend it to N-player and N-choice cases. In the quantum domain, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Jiangfeng Du , Hui Li , Xiaodong Xu , Xianyi Zhou , Rongdian Han

We consider two-player non-zero-sum linear-quadratic Gaussian games in which both players aim to minimize a quadratic cost function while controlling a linear and stochastic state process {using linear policies}. The system is partially…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Ben Hambly , Renyuan Xu , Huining Yang

In this paper, we formulate and analyze generalizations of the quantum penny flip game. In the penny flip game, one coin has two states, heads or tails, and two players apply alternating operations on the coin. In the original Meyer game,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-02 Hiroaki Mishima

In this paper, the CHSH quantum game is extended to four players. This is achieved by exploring all possible 4-variable Boolean functions to identify those that yield a game scenario with a quantum advantage using a specific entangled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Joaquim Jusseau , Hamza Jaffali , Frédéric Holweck