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Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems facilitate users in executing various activities via multi-turn dialogues, but Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to comprehend these intricate contexts. In this study, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Haoyu Gao , Ting-En Lin , Hangyu Li , Min Yang , Yuchuan Wu , Wentao Ma , Yongbin Li

There is an increasing demand for task-oriented dialogue systems which can assist users in various activities such as booking tickets and restaurant reservations. In order to complete dialogues effectively, dialogue policy plays a key role…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Tian Lan , Xianling Mao , Heyan Huang

We demonstrate task-oriented dialogue generation within the dataflow dialogue paradigm. We show an example of agenda driven dialogue generation for the MultiWOZ domain, and an example of generation without an agenda for the SMCalFlow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Joram Meron , Victor Guimarães

Language models pre-trained on general text have achieved impressive results in diverse fields. Yet, the distinct linguistic characteristics of task-oriented dialogues (TOD) compared to general text limit the practical utility of existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Weihao Zeng , Dayuan Fu , Keqing He , Yejie Wang , Yukai Xu , Weiran Xu

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems are required to identify key information from conversations for the completion of given tasks. Such information is conventionally specified in terms of intents and slots contained in task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Jeffrey Zhao , Raghav Gupta , Yuan Cao , Dian Yu , Mingqiu Wang , Harrison Lee , Abhinav Rastogi , Izhak Shafran , Yonghui Wu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) for text generation. In particular, recent LLMs such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 can engage in fluent conversations with users after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Jonathan D. Chang , Kiante Brantley , Rajkumar Ramamurthy , Dipendra Misra , Wen Sun

Neural generative models have achieved promising performance on dialog generation tasks if given a huge data set. However, the lack of high-quality dialog data and the expensive data annotation process greatly limit their application in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Silin Gao , Yichi Zhang , Zhijian Ou , Zhou Yu

In real-world task-oriented dialogue (TOD) settings, agents are required to strictly adhere to complex instructions while conducting multi-turn conversations with customers. These instructions are typically presented in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sarik Ghazarian , Abhinav Gullapalli , Swair Shah , Anurag Beniwal , Nanyun Peng , Narayanan Sadagopan , Zhou Yu

Large Language Models demonstrate strong reasoning and generation abilities, yet their behavior in multi-turn tasks often lacks reliability and verifiability. We present a task completion framework that enables LLM-based agents to act under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Gonca Gürsun

This paper presents an ontology-aware pretrained language model (OPAL) for end-to-end task-oriented dialogue (TOD). Unlike chit-chat dialogue models, task-oriented dialogue models fulfill at least two task-specific modules: dialogue state…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Zhi Chen , Yuncong Liu , Lu Chen , Su Zhu , Mengyue Wu , Kai Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on many reasoning benchmarks, yet these evaluations typically focus on isolated tasks that differ from real-world usage in task-oriented dialogue (TOD). In this setting, LLMs must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ivan Kartáč , Mateusz Lango , Ondřej Dušek

The recent paradigm shift toward large reasoning models (LRMs) as autonomous agents has intensified the demand for sophisticated, multi-turn tool-use capabilities. Yet, existing datasets and data-generation approaches are limited by static,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Jungho Cho , Minbyul Jeong , Sungrae Park

In this paper, we present a deep reinforcement learning (RL) framework for iterative dialog policy optimization in end-to-end task-oriented dialog systems. Popular approaches in learning dialog policy with RL include letting a dialog agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Bing Liu , Ian Lane

Conventional approaches to personalized dialogue generation typically require a large corpus, as well as predefined persona information. However, in a real-world setting, neither a large corpus of training data nor persona information are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Jing Yang Lee , Kong Aik Lee , Woon Seng Gan

Neural dialog state trackers are generally limited due to the lack of quantity and diversity of annotated training data. In this paper, we address this difficulty by proposing a reinforcement learning (RL) based framework for data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Yichun Yin , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Xiao Chen , Qun Liu

The reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs), defined as their ability to analyze, infer, and make decisions based on input information, is essential for building intelligent task-oriented dialogue systems. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yu Zhu , Kai Yang

Dialog policies, which determine a system's action based on the current state at each dialog turn, are crucial to the success of the dialog. In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising option for dialog policy…

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful dialogue agents, but specializing them towards fulfilling a specific function can be challenging. Instructing tuning, i.e. tuning models on instruction and sample responses generated by humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Dennis Ulmer , Elman Mansimov , Kaixiang Lin , Justin Sun , Xibin Gao , Yi Zhang

An important unexplored aspect in previous work on user satisfaction estimation for Task-Oriented Dialogue (TOD) systems is their evaluation in terms of robustness for the identification of user dissatisfaction: current benchmarks for user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Amin Abolghasemi , Zhaochun Ren , Arian Askari , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Maarten de Rijke , Suzan Verberne

Emotions are indispensable in human communication, but are often overlooked in task-oriented dialogue (ToD) modelling, where the task success is the primary focus. While existing works have explored user emotions or similar concepts in some…

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