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Training segmentation models for medical images continues to be challenging due to the limited availability of data annotations. Segment Anything Model (SAM) is a foundation model that is intended to segment user-defined objects of interest…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Maciej A. Mazurowski , Haoyu Dong , Hanxue Gu , Jichen Yang , Nicholas Konz , Yixin Zhang

Image segmentation plays an essential role in medicine for both diagnostic and interventional tasks. Segmentation approaches are either manual, semi-automated or fully-automated. Manual segmentation offers full control over the quality of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-21 Tomas Sakinis , Fausto Milletari , Holger Roth , Panagiotis Korfiatis , Petro Kostandy , Kenneth Philbrick , Zeynettin Akkus , Ziyue Xu , Daguang Xu , Bradley J. Erickson

Image segmentation is often performed on medical images for identifying diseases in clinical evaluation. Hence it has become one of the major research areas. Conventional image segmentation techniques are unable to provide satisfactory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-13 Pratik Kalshetti , Manas Bundele , Parag Rahangdale , Dinesh Jangra , Chiranjoy Chattopadhyay , Gaurav Harit , Abhay Elhence

In-context learning (ICL) with Large Vision Models (LVMs) presents a promising avenue in medical image segmentation by reducing the reliance on extensive labeling. However, the ICL performance of LVMs highly depends on the choices of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Chenwei Wu , David Restrepo , Zitao Shuai , Zhongming Liu , Liyue Shen

Image segmentation is usually addressed by training a model for a fixed set of object classes. Incorporating additional classes or more complex queries later is expensive as it requires re-training the model on a dataset that encompasses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Timo Lüddecke , Alexander S. Ecker

Promptable segmentation, introduced by the Segment Anything Model (SAM), is a promising approach for medical imaging, as it enables clinicians to guide and refine model predictions interactively. However, SAM's architecture is designed for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Théo Danielou , Daniel Tordjman , Pierre Manceron , Corentin Dancette

Despite the state-of-the-art performance for medical image segmentation, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have rarely provided uncertainty estimations regarding their segmentation outputs, e.g., model (epistemic) and image-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Guotai Wang , Wenqi Li , Michael Aertsen , Jan Deprest , Sebastien Ourselin , Tom Vercauteren

Source-free test-time adaptation for medical image segmentation aims to enhance the adaptability of segmentation models to diverse and previously unseen test sets of the target domain, which contributes to the generalizability and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yanyu Ye , Zhenxi Zhang , Wei Wei , Chunna Tian

Semantic segmentation of medical images is an essential first step in computer-aided diagnosis systems for many applications. However, given many disparate imaging modalities and inherent variations in the patient data, it is difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Bhavani Sambaturu , Ashutosh Gupta , C. V. Jawahar , Chetan Arora

Interactive segmentation is a promising strategy for building robust, generalisable algorithms for volumetric medical image segmentation. However, inconsistent and clinically unrealistic evaluation hinders fair comparison and misrepresents…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Parhom Esmaeili , Virginia Fernandez , Pedro Borges , Eli Gibson , Sebastien Ourselin , M. Jorge Cardoso

Medical image segmentation is a vital healthcare endeavor requiring precise and efficient models for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Vision transformer (ViT)-based segmentation models have shown great performance in accomplishing this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Numan Saeed , Muhammad Ridzuan , Roba Al Majzoub , Mohammad Yaqub

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has recently emerged as a groundbreaking foundation model for prompt-driven image segmentation tasks. However, both the original SAM and its medical variants require slice-by-slice manual prompting of target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yichi Zhang , Shiyao Hu , Sijie Ren , Chen Jiang , Yuan Cheng , Yuan Qi

Purpose: Accurate segmentation of prostate cancer on magnetic resonance (MR) images is crucial for planning image-guided interventions such as targeted biopsies, cryoablation, and radiotherapy. However, subtle and variable tumour…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-23 Junqing Yang , Natasha Thorley , Ahmed Nadeem Abbasi , Shonit Punwani , Zion Tse , Yipeng Hu , Shaheer U. Saeed

Accurate and efficient 3D segmentation is essential for both clinical and research applications. While foundation models like SAM have revolutionized interactive segmentation, their 2D design and domain shift limitations make them…

Effortless and precise segmentation with minimal clinician effort could greatly streamline clinical workflows. Recent interactive segmentation models, inspired by METAs Segment Anything, have made significant progress but face critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Constantin Ulrich , Tassilo Wald , Emily Tempus , Maximilian Rokuss , Paul F. Jaeger , Klaus Maier-Hein

Despite the recent success of deep learning methods at achieving new state-of-the-art accuracy for medical image segmentation, some major limitations are still restricting their deployment into clinics. One major limitation of deep…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-30 Lucas Fidon

Accurate segmentation of medical images is fundamental to tumor diagnosis and treatment planning. SAM-based interactive segmentation has gained attention for its strong generalization, but most methods follow a single-point-to-single-object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jierui Qu , Jianchun Zhao

Segment anything model (SAM) demonstrates strong generalization ability on natural image segmentation. However, its direct adaptation in medical image segmentation tasks shows significant performance drops. It also requires an excessive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Heng Guo , Jianfeng Zhang , Jiaxing Huang , Tony C. W. Mok , Dazhou Guo , Ke Yan , Le Lu , Dakai Jin , Minfeng Xu

Interactive segmentation is a crucial research area in medical image analysis aiming to boost the efficiency of costly annotations by incorporating human feedback. This feedback takes the form of clicks, scribbles, or masks and allows for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Zdravko Marinov , Paul F. Jäger , Jan Egger , Jens Kleesiek , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Since labeling medical image data is a costly and labor-intensive process, active learning has gained much popularity in the medical image segmentation domain in recent years. A variety of active learning strategies have been proposed in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Josafat-Mattias Burmeister , Marcel Fernandez Rosas , Johannes Hagemann , Jonas Kordt , Jasper Blum , Simon Shabo , Benjamin Bergner , Christoph Lippert