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We present an approach to generate novel computer game levels that blend different game concepts in an unsupervised fashion. Our primary contribution is an analogical reasoning process to construct blends between level design models learned…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-10 Matthew Guzdial , Mark Riedl

Reinforcement learning (RL), a common tool in decision making, learns control policies from various experiences based on the associated cumulative return/rewards without treating them differently. Humans, on the contrary, often learn to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Mingkang Wu , Devin White , Vernon Lawhern , Nicholas R. Waytowich , Yongcan Cao

Strategic reasoning enables agents to cooperate, communicate, and compete with other agents in diverse situations. Existing approaches to solving strategic games rely on extensive training, yielding strategies that do not generalize to new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Kanishk Gandhi , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah D. Goodman

Reverse thinking plays a crucial role in human reasoning. Humans can reason not only from a problem to a solution but also in reverse, i.e., start from the solution and reason towards the problem. This often enhances overall reasoning…

We study learning in complete-information games, allowing the players' models of their environment to be misspecified. We introduce Berk--Nash rationalizability: the largest self-justified set of actions -- meaning each action in the set is…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-28 Ignacio Esponda , Demian Pouzo

Effectively interpreting strategic interactions among multiple agents requires us to infer each agent's objective from limited information. Existing inverse game-theoretic approaches frame this challenge in terms of a "level-1" inference…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Hamzah I. Khan , Jingqi Li , David Fridovich-Keil

Formal learning theory formalizes the process of inferring a general result from examples, as in the case of inferring grammars from sentences when learning a language. Although empirical evidence suggests that children can learn a language…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Alexandru Baltag , Dazhu Li , Mina Young Pedersen

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in understanding and reasoning about both visual and textual information. However, existing evaluation methods for LVLMs, primarily based on benchmarks like Visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Xinyu Wang , Bohan Zhuang , Qi Wu

In this thesis, I evaluate the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT), specifically the Logic Games section of the test. I focus on this section because it presents a complex logical reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Saumya Malik

We initiate the study of structured Stackelberg games, a novel form of strategic interaction between a leader and a follower where contextual information can be predictive of the follower's (unknown) type. Motivated by applications such as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Maria-Florina Balcan , Kiriaki Fragkia , Keegan Harris

Although recent work in AI has made great progress in solving large, zero-sum, extensive-form games, the underlying assumption in most past work is that the parameters of the game itself are known to the agents. This paper deals with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Chun Kai Ling , Fei Fang , J. Zico Kolter

We define a new concept of "mistake" strategies and actions for strategic-form and extensive-form games, analyze the relationship to prior main game-theoretic solution concepts, study algorithms for computation, and explore practicality.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Sam Ganzfried

Most work in game theory assumes that players are perfect reasoners and have common knowledge of all significant aspects of the game. In earlier work, we proposed a framework for representing and analyzing games with possibly unaware…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-17 Leandro C. Rego , Joseph Y. Halpern

On many learning platforms, the optimization criteria guiding model training reflect the priorities of the designer rather than those of the individuals they affect. Consequently, users may act strategically to obtain more favorable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Haiqing Zhu , Tijana Zrnic , Celestine Mendler-Dünner

We extend the formalism of Conjectural Variations games to Stackelberg games involving multiple leaders and a single follower. To solve these nonconvex games, a common assumption is that the leaders compute their strategies having perfect…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Francesco Morri , Hélène Le Cadre , Luce Brotcorne

This paper presents an innovative framework that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with an external Thinker module to enhance the reasoning capabilities of LLM-based agents. Unlike augmenting LLMs with prompt engineering, Thinker…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Shuang Wu , Liwen Zhu , Tao Yang , Shiwei Xu , Qiang Fu , Yang Wei , Haobo Fu

Group polarization, the phenomenon where individuals become more extreme after interacting, has been gaining attention, especially with the rise of social media shaping people's opinions. Recent interest has emerged in formal reasoning…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Robert Freiman , Carlos Olarte , Elaine Pimentel , Christian G. Fermüller

Concepts serve as fundamental abstractions that support human reasoning and categorization. However, it remains unclear whether large language models truly capture such conceptual structures or primarily rely on surface-level pattern…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Shuhang Xu , Weijian Deng , Yixuan Zhou , Fangwei Zhong

Empirical evidence shows that human behaviour often deviates from game-theoretical rationality. For instance, humans may hold unrealistic expectations about future outcomes. As the evolutionary roots of such biases remain unclear, we…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Marco Saponara , Elias Fernandez Domingos , Jorge M. Pacheco , Tom Lenaerts

Large language models (LLMs) have been extensively used as the backbones for general-purpose agents, and some economics literature suggest that LLMs are capable of playing various types of economics games. Following these works, to overcome…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Shangmin Guo , Haoran Bu , Haochuan Wang , Yi Ren , Dianbo Sui , Yuming Shang , Siting Lu