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Related papers: Prompts have evil twins

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Previous research on testing the vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) using adversarial attacks has primarily focused on nonsensical prompt injections, which are easily detected upon manual or automated review (e.g., via byte…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Nilanjana Das , Edward Raff , Manas Gaur

Puns are a form of humorous wordplay that exploits polysemy and phonetic similarity. While LLMs have shown promise in detecting puns, we show in this paper that their understanding often remains shallow, lacking the nuanced grasp typical of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Alessandro Zangari , Matteo Marcuzzo , Andrea Albarelli , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar , Jose Camacho-Collados

In order for machine learning to garner widespread public adoption, models must be able to provide interpretable and robust explanations for their decisions, as well as learn from human-provided explanations at train time. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Oana-Maria Camburu , Tim Rocktäschel , Thomas Lukasiewicz , Phil Blunsom

Language models exhibit complex, diverse behaviors when prompted with free-form text, making it difficult to characterize the space of possible outputs. We study the problem of behavior elicitation, where the goal is to search for prompts…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into the scientific peer-review process, raising new questions about their reliability and resilience to manipulation. In this work, we investigate the potential for hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Matteo Gioele Collu , Umberto Salviati , Roberto Confalonieri , Mauro Conti , Giovanni Apruzzese

While the problem of hallucinations in neural machine translation has long been recognized, so far the progress on its alleviation is very little. Indeed, recently it turned out that without artificially encouraging models to hallucinate,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 David Dale , Elena Voita , Loïc Barrault , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Why do bilingual speakers code-switch (mix their two languages)? Among the several theories that attempt to explain this natural and ubiquitous phenomenon, the Triggering Hypothesis relates code-switching to the presence of lexical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Shuly Wintner , Safaa Shehadi , Yuli Zeira , Doreen Osmelak , Yuval Nov

Well-designed prompts can guide text-to-image models to generate amazing images. However, the performant prompts are often model-specific and misaligned with user input. Instead of laborious human engineering, we propose prompt adaptation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Yaru Hao , Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei

Natural language reasoning plays an increasingly important role in improving language models' ability to solve complex language understanding tasks. An interesting use case for reasoning is the resolution of context-dependent ambiguity. But…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Stefan F. Schouten , Peter Bloem , Ilia Markov , Piek Vossen

While the inconsistency of LLMs is not a novel topic, prior research has predominantly addressed two types of generative inconsistencies: i) Randomness Inconsistency: running the same LLM multiple trials, yielding varying responses; ii)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Jihyun Janice Ahn , Wenpeng Yin

Creating responsible artificial intelligence (AI) systems is an important issue in contemporary research and development of works on AI. One of the characteristics of responsible AI systems is their explainability. In the paper, we are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Krzysztof Pancerz , Piotr Kulicki , Michał Kalisz , Andrzej Burda , Maciej Stanisławski , Jaromir Sarzyński

Text-to-image models are now easy to use and ubiquitous. However, prior work has found that they are prone to recapitulating harmful Western stereotypes. For example, requesting that a model generate an "African person and their house," may…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Joshua N. Williams , Molly FitzMorris , Osman Aka , Sarah Laszlo

Building on Petroni et al. (2019), we propose two new probing tasks analyzing factual knowledge stored in Pretrained Language Models (PLMs). (1) Negation. We find that PLMs do not distinguish between negated ("Birds cannot [MASK]") and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-18 Nora Kassner , Hinrich Schütze

Large Language Models often generate factually incorrect but plausible outputs, known as hallucinations. We identify a more insidious phenomenon, LLM delusion, defined as high belief hallucinations, incorrect outputs with abnormally high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hongshen Xu , Zixv yang , Zichen Zhu , Kunyao Lan , Zihan Wang , Mengyue Wu , Ziwei Ji , Lu Chen , Pascale Fung , Kai Yu

Dynamic adversarial question generation, where humans write examples to stump a model, aims to create examples that are realistic and informative. However, the advent of large language models (LLMs) has been a double-edged sword for human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Yoo Yeon Sung , Ishani Mondal , Jordan Boyd-Graber

The quality of rationales is essential in the reasoning capabilities of language models. Rationales not only enhance reasoning performance in complex natural language tasks but also justify model decisions. However, obtaining impeccable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Hazel H. Kim

Chomsky and others have very directly claimed that large language models (LLMs) are equally capable of learning languages that are possible and impossible for humans to learn. However, there is very little published experimental evidence to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Julie Kallini , Isabel Papadimitriou , Richard Futrell , Kyle Mahowald , Christopher Potts

By varying prompts to a large language model, we can elicit the full range of human behaviors in a variety of different scenarios in classic economic games. By analyzing which prompts elicit which behaviors, we can categorize and compare…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yutong Xie , Qiaozhu Mei , Walter Yuan , Matthew O. Jackson

Riddles based on simple puns can be classified according to the patterns of word, syllable or phrase similarity they depend upon. We have devised a formal model of the semantic and syntactic regularities underlying some of the simpler types…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Kim Binsted , Graeme Ritchie

We introduce a new type of indirect, cross-modal injection attacks against visual language models that enable creation of self-interpreting images. These images contain hidden "meta-instructions" that control how models answer users'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Tingwei Zhang , Collin Zhang , John X. Morris , Eugene Bagdasarian , Vitaly Shmatikov