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Large language models demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities through chain-of-thought prompting, but whether this reasoning quality transfers across languages remains underexplored. We introduce a human-validated framework to evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Anaelia Ovalle , Candace Ross , Sebastian Ruder , Adina Williams , Karen Ullrich , Mark Ibrahim , Levent Sagun

Language models (LMs) can produce errors that are hard to detect for humans, especially when the task is complex. RLHF, the most popular post-training method, may exacerbate this problem: to achieve higher rewards, LMs might get better at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Jiaxin Wen , Ruiqi Zhong , Akbir Khan , Ethan Perez , Jacob Steinhardt , Minlie Huang , Samuel R. Bowman , He He , Shi Feng

Large Language Models have been demonstrating broadly satisfactory generative abilities for users, which seems to be due to the intensive use of human feedback that refines responses. Nevertheless, suggestibility inherited via human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Leonardo Ranaldi , Giulia Pucci

The versatility of Large Language Models (LLMs) on natural language understanding tasks has made them popular for research in social sciences. To properly understand the properties and innate personas of LLMs, researchers have performed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Bangzhao Shu , Lechen Zhang , Minje Choi , Lavinia Dunagan , Lajanugen Logeswaran , Moontae Lee , Dallas Card , David Jurgens

Recently, language models have demonstrated strong performance on various natural language understanding tasks. Language models trained on large human-generated corpus encode not only a significant amount of human knowledge, but also the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Damin Zhang , Julia Rayz , Romila Pradhan

Humans can attribute beliefs to others. However, it is unknown to what extent this ability results from an innate biological endowment or from experience accrued through child development, particularly exposure to language describing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Sean Trott , Cameron Jones , Tyler Chang , James Michaelov , Benjamin Bergen

Recent research shows that pre-trained language models (PLMs) suffer from "prompt bias" in factual knowledge extraction, i.e., prompts tend to introduce biases toward specific labels. Prompt bias presents a significant challenge in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Ziyang Xu , Keqin Peng , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao , Xiliang Lu

Math is constructed by people for people: just as natural language corpora reflect not just propositions but the communicative goals of language users, the math data that models are trained on reflects not just idealized mathematical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Sasha Boguraev , Ben Lipkin , Leonie Weissweiler , Kyle Mahowald

Language models (LMs) have been argued to overlap substantially with human beings in grammaticality judgment tasks. But when humans systematically make errors in language processing, should we expect LMs to behave like cognitive models of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yuhan Zhang , Edward Gibson , Forrest Davis

This survey provides an overview of the challenges of misspellings in natural language processing (NLP). While often unintentional, misspellings have become ubiquitous in digital communication, especially with the proliferation of Web 2.0,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Gianluca Sperduti , Alejandro Moreo

Uncertainty enters into human reasoning and inference in at least two ways. It is reasonable to suppose that there will be roles for these distinct uses of uncertainty also in automated reasoning.

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-10 Henry E. Kyburg

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed text generation through inherently probabilistic context-aware mechanisms, mimicking human natural language. In this paper, we systematically investigate the performance of various LLMs when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Javier Coronado-Blázquez

Large language models (LLMs) are trained to imitate humans to explain human decisions. However, do LLMs explain themselves? Can they help humans build mental models of how LLMs process different inputs? To answer these questions, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Yanda Chen , Ruiqi Zhong , Narutatsu Ri , Chen Zhao , He He , Jacob Steinhardt , Zhou Yu , Kathleen McKeown

We propose misogyny detection as an Argumentative Reasoning task and we investigate the capacity of large language models (LLMs) to understand the implicit reasoning used to convey misogyny in both Italian and English. The central aim is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Arianna Muti , Federico Ruggeri , Khalid Al-Khatib , Alberto Barrón-Cedeño , Tommaso Caselli

Current language models are considered to have sub-human capabilities at natural language tasks like question-answering or writing code. However, language models are not trained to perform well at these tasks, they are trained to accurately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Buck Shlegeris , Fabien Roger , Lawrence Chan , Euan McLean

Based on multilingual pre-trained models, cross-lingual transfer with prompt learning has shown promising effectiveness, where soft prompt learned in a source language is transferred to target languages for downstream tasks, particularly in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xiaoyu Qiu , Yuechen Wang , Jiaxin Shi , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

Ambiguity is an critical component of language that allows for more effective communication between speakers, but is often ignored in NLP. Recent work suggests that NLP systems may struggle to grasp certain elements of human language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Margaret Y. Li , Alisa Liu , Zhaofeng Wu , Noah A. Smith

Efforts to apply transformer-based language models (TLMs) to the problem of reasoning in natural language have enjoyed ever-increasing success in recent years. The most fundamental task in this area to which nearly all others can be reduced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Tharindu Madusanka , Ian Pratt-Hartmann , Riza Batista-Navarro

Autoregressive neural language models (LMs) generate a probability distribution over tokens at each time step given a prompt. In this work, we attempt to systematically understand the probability distributions that LMs can produce, showing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Haojin Wang , Zining Zhu , Freda Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are able to provide assistance on a wide range of information-seeking tasks. However, model outputs may be misleading, whether unintentionally or in cases of intentional deception. We investigate the ability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Betty Li Hou , Kejian Shi , Jason Phang , James Aung , Steven Adler , Rosie Campbell