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Helium Ion Microcopy (HIM) based on Gas Field Ion Sources (GFIS) represents a new ultra high resolution microscopy and nano-fabrication technique. It is an enabling technology that not only provides imagery of conducting as well as uncoated…
Image quality assessment (IQA) plays a critical role in optimizing radiation dose and developing novel medical imaging techniques in computed tomography (CT). Traditional IQA methods relying on hand-crafted features have limitations in…
Digital camera pixels measure image intensities by converting incident light energy into an analog electrical current, and then digitizing it into a fixed-width binary representation. This direct measurement method, while conceptually…
Among the applications of optical phase measurement, the differential interference contrast microscope is widely used for the evaluation of opaque materials or biological tissues. However, the signal to noise ratio for a given light…
We report on an ion-optical system that serves as a microscope for ultracold ground state and Rydberg atoms. The system is designed to achieve a magnification of up to 1000 and a spatial resolution in the 100 nm range, thereby surpassing…
In optical metrological protocols to measure physical quantities, it is, in principle, always beneficial to increase photon number to improve measurement precision. However, practical constraints prevent arbitrary increase of n due to the…
We present a computational method for full-range interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM) under dispersion encoding. With this, one can effectively double the depth range of optical coherence tomography (OCT), whilst…
We consider the fluctuations of the electrical current (shot noise) in the presence of a voltage time-modulation. For a non-interacting metal, it is known that the derivative of the photo-assisted noise has a staircase behavior. In the…
Focused ion beams are indispensable tools in the semiconductor industry because of their ability to image and modify structures at the nanometer length scale. Here we report on performance predictions of a new type of focused ion beam based…
We quantify how squeezed light can reduce quantum measurement noise to levels below the standard quantum limit in impulse measurements with mechanical detectors. The broadband nature of the signal implies that frequency-dependent squeezing…
The iterative refinement method (IRM) has been very successfully applied in many different fields for examples the modern quantum chemical calculation and CT image reconstruction. It is proved that the refinement method can create an exact…
We present a novel approach to implement compressive sensing in laser scanning microscopes (LSM), specifically in image scanning microscopy (ISM), using a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array detector. Our method addresses two…
In atom interferometry based on light-induced diffraction, the optical aberrations of the laser beam splitters are a dominant source of noise and systematic effect. In an atomic gyroscope, this effect is dramatically reduced by the use of…
Electron and x-ray microscopes allow one to image the entire, unlabeled structure of hydrated materials at a resolution well beyond what visible light microscopes can achieve. However, both approaches involve ionizing radiation, so that…
Unlike single image task, stereo image enhancement can use another view information, and its key stage is how to perform cross-view feature interaction to extract useful information from another view. However, complex noise in low-light…
Microwave impedance microscopy (MIM) is an emerging scanning probe technique for nanoscale complex permittivity mapping and has made significant impacts in diverse fields from semiconductors to quantum materials. To date, the most…
The recently developed energy conserving semi-implicit method (ECsim) for PIC simulation is applied to multiple scale problems where the electron-scale physics needs to be only partially retained and the interest is on the macroscopic or…
Atomic force microscopes have proved to be fundamental research tools in many situations where a gentle imaging process is required, and in a variety of environmental conditions, such as the study of biological samples. Among the possible…
High-resolution imaging of ultracold atoms typically requires custom high numerical aperture (NA) optics, as is the case for quantum gas microscopy. These high NA objectives involve many optical elements each of which contributes to loss…
Microdosimetry investigates the energy deposition of ionizing radiation at microscopic scales, beyond the assessment capabilities of macroscopic dosimetry. This contributes to an understanding of the biological response in radiobiology,…