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A superconducting cavity model was proposed as a way to experimentally investigate the work performed in a quantum system. We found a simple mathematical relationship between the free energy variation and visibility measurement in quantum…

Jarzynski equality and related fluctuation theorems can be formulated for various setups. Such an equality was recently derived for nonunitary quantum evolutions described by unital quantum operations, i.e., for completely positive,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-24 Alexey E. Rastegin , Karol Życzkowski

In a recent work, Jarzynski and Wojcik (2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 230602) have shown by using the properties of Hamiltonian dynamics and a statistical mechanical consideration that, through contact, heat exchange between two systems…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-05-29 Yuki Sughiyama , Sumiyoshi Abe

Almost 25 years ago, Jarzynski published a paper in which it was asserted: the work done, W, in driving a system from state A to state B, characterized by the Helmholtz free energies FA and FB, satisfies an equality in which an average over…

General Physics · Physics 2021-08-25 Ronald F. Fox

The Jarzynski equality is generalized to situations in which nonequilibrium systems are subject to a feedback control. The new terms that arise as a consequence of the feedback describe the mutual information content obtained by measurement…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Takahiro Sagawa , Masahito Ueda

Almost 25 years ago, Jarzynski published a paper in which it was asserted: the work done, W, in driving a system from state A to state B, characterized by the Helmholtz free energies FA and FB, satisfies an equality in which an average over…

General Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Ronald F. Fox

According to the second law of thermodynamics, for every transformation performed on a system which is in contact with an environment of fixed temperature, the extracted work is bounded by the decrease of the free energy of the system.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-15 Vasco Cavina , Andrea Mari , Vittorio Giovannetti

The free energy of glasses cannot be estimated using thermodynamic integration, as glasses are intrinsically not in equilibrium. We present numerical simulations showing that, in contrast, plausible free-energy estimates of a Kob-Andersen…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-07-07 H. A. Vinutha , Daan Frenkel

We study temperature fluctuations in mesoscopic $N$-body systems undergoing non-equilibrium processes from the perspective of stochastic thermodynamics. By introducing a stochastic differential equation, we describe the evolution of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-19 Zhaoyu Fei , Yu-Han Ma

Fluctuation theorems impose constraints on possible work extraction probabilities in thermodynamical processes. These constraints are stronger than the usual second law, which is concerned only with average values. Here, we show that such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-21 Paul Boes , Rodrigo Gallego , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Jens Eisert , Henrik Wilming

For systems in an externally controllable time-dependent potential, the optimal protocol minimizes the mean work spent in a finite-time transition between two given equilibrium states. For overdamped dynamics which ignores inertia effects,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-07-23 Alex Gomez-Marin , Tim Schmiedl , Udo Seifert

Nonequilibrium processes of small systems such as molecular machines are ubiquitous in biology, chemistry and physics, but are often challenging to comprehend. In the past two decades, several exact thermodynamic relations of nonequilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-02-26 Thai M. Hoang , Rui Pan , Jonghoon Ahn , Jaehoon Bang , H. T. Quan , Tongcang Li

We perform, with the help of cloud computing resources, extensive Langevin simulations which provide free energy estimates for unbiased three dimensional polymer translocation. We employ the Jarzynski equality in its rigorous setting, to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-18 Felipe Mondaini , Luca Moriconi

In conventional thermodynamics, it is widely acknowledged that the realization of an isothermal process for a system requires a quasi-static controlling protocol. Here we propose and design a strategy to realize a finite-rate isothermal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-07-25 Geng Li , H. T. Quan , Z. C. Tu

The Jarzynski relation is a recently discovered result relating the average exponential of the work done under nonequilibrium conditions to an equilibrium free energy difference. We illustrate this remarkable relation by considering the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rhonald C. Lua

In thermodynamically characterizing a mixture comprising a finite number of molecules, we consider two kinds of protocol for producing a mixture from a pure substance. The first is a single alchemical operation, whereas the second is a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-03-01 Akira Yoshida , Naoko Nakagawa

The Jarzynski equality (JE) is known as an exact identity for nonequillibrium systems. The JE was originally formulated for isolated and isothermal systems, while Adib reported an JE extended to an isoenergetic process. In this paper, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-27 Hitoshi Katsuda , Masayuki Ohzeki

In this review paper, we discuss the statistical description in non-equilibrium regimes of energy fluctuations originated by the interaction between a quantum system and a measurement apparatus applying a sequence of repeated quantum…

We derive a general information-theoretic equality for a system undergoing two projective measurements separated by a general temporal evolution. The equality implies the non-negativity of the mutual information between the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Vlatko Vedral

The nonequilibrium fluctuation relation is a cornerstone of quantum thermodynamics. It is widely believed that the system-bath heat exchange obeys the famous Jarzynski-W\'{o}jcik fluctuation theorem. However, this theorem is established in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-01 Wei Wu , Jun-Hong An
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