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One particle in a classical perfect gas is driven out of equilibrium by changing its mass over a short time interval. The work done on the driven particle depends on its collisions with the other particles in the gas. This model thus…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-22 T. G. Philbin , J. Anders

We define common thermodynamic concepts purely within the framework of general Markov chains and derive Jarzynski's equality and Crooks' fluctuation theorem in this setup. In particular, we regard the discrete time case that leads to an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-12-14 Pedro Hack , Sebastian Gottwald , Daniel A. Braun

Jarzynski's equality sets a strong bound on the probability of violating the second law of thermodynamics by extracting work beyond the free energy difference. We derive finite-time refinements to this bound for driven systems in contact…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-04-19 Harry J. D. Miller , Martí Perarnau-Llobet

The existence of two types of internal friction wet and dry is revisited, and a simple protocol is proposed for distinguishing between the two types and extracting the appropriate internal friction coefficient. The scheme requires…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-07-03 R. Kailasham , Rajarshi Chakrabarti , J. Ravi Prakash

The fluctuation theorems, and in particular, the Jarzynski equality, are the most important pillars of modern non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. We extend the quantum Jarzynski equality together with the Two-Time Measurement Formalism…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-03-01 Anthony Bartolotta , Sebastian Deffner

Jarzynski Equality (JE) and the thermodynamic integration method are conventional methods to calculate free energy difference (FED) between two equilibrium states with constant temperature of a system. However, a number of ensemble samples…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-01 Weitao Chen

We introduce a straightforward, single-ensemble, path sampling approach to calculate free energy differences based on Jarzynski's relation. For a two-dimensional ``toy'' test system, the new (minimally optimized) method performs roughly one…

Computational Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Marty Ytreberg , Daniel M. Zuckerman

The central quantity in the celebrated quantum Jarzynski equality is $e^{-\beta W}$, where $W$ is work and $\beta$ is the inverse temperature. The impact of quantum randomness on the fluctuations of $e^{-\beta W}$ and hence on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Wei Cheng , Wenquan Liu , Yang Wu , Zhibo Niu , Chang-Kui Duan , Jiangbin Gong , Xing Rong , Jiangfeng Du

We study a Jarzysnki type equality for work in systems that are monitored using non-projective unsharp measurements. The information acquired by the observer from the outcome $f$ of an energy measurement, and the subsequent conditioned…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Daniel Alonso , Antonia Ruiz García

Most natural and engineered processes, such as biomolecular reactions, protein folding, and population dynamics, occur far from equilibrium and, therefore, cannot be treated within the framework of classical equilibrium thermodynamics. The…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-01-07 Aykut Argun , Ali-Reza Moradi , Erçağ Pince , Gokhan Baris Bagci , Giovanni Volpe

When a system is driven out of equilibrium by a time-dependent protocol that modifies the Hamiltonian, it follows a nonequilibrium path. Samples of these paths can be used in nonequilibrium work theorems to estimate equilibrium quantities,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-05-29 David D. L. Minh

We show how Jarzynski relation can be exploited to analyze the nature of order-disorder and a bifurcation type dynamical transition in terms of a response function derived on the basis of work distribution over non-equilibrium paths between…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-06-05 Pulak Kumar Ghosh , Deb Shankar Ray

We combine the formalisms of diagonal entropy and Jarzynski Equality to study the thermodynamic properties of closed quantum systems. Applying this approach to a quantum harmonic oscillator, the diagonal entropy offers a notion of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-09 Van A. Ngo , Stephan Haas

We study two non-equilibrium work fluctuation theorems, the Crooks' theorem and the Jarzynski equality, for a test system coupled to a spatially extended heat reservoir whose degrees of freedom are explicitly modeled. The sufficient…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-02-22 Punyabrata Pradhan , Yariv Kafri , Dov Levine

We consider a single Josephson junction in the presence of time varying gate charge, and examine the nonequilibrium work done by the charge control in the framework of fluctuation theorems. We obtain the probability distribution functions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-02-07 Su Do Yi , Beom Jun Kim , Juyeon Yi

We give a quantum version of the Jarzynski relation between the distribution of work done over a certain time-interval on a system and the difference of equilibrium free energies. The main new ingredient is the identification of work…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-05-26 Wojciech De Roeck , Christian Maes

In this paper we present a first-principles analysis of the nonequilibrium work distribution and the free energy difference of a quantum system interacting with a general environment (with arbitrary spectral density and for all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-07 Y. Subasi , B. L. Hu

Due to their versatility in investigating phenomena in microscopic scales, optical tweezers have been an excellent platform for studying stochastic thermodynamics. In this context, this work presents experimental measurements of the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-09-15 Thalyta Tavares Martins , Lucas Prado Kamizaki , Sérgio Ricardo Muniz

The nonequilibrium free energy theorems show how distributions of work along nonequilibrium paths are related to free energy differences between the equilibrium states at the end points of these paths. In this paper we develop a natural way…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-11-09 Stephen R. Williams , Debra J. Searles , Denis J. Evans

We consider the paradigm of an overdamped Brownian particle in a potential well, which is modulated through an external protocol, in the presence of stochastic resetting. Thus, in addition to the short range diffusive motion, the particle…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-03-25 Deepak Gupta , Carlos A. Plata , Arnab Pal