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Large vision-and-language models (VLMs) trained to match images with text on large-scale datasets of image-text pairs have shown impressive generalization ability on several vision and language tasks. Several recent works, however, showed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Navid Rajabi , Jana Kosecka

Visual relationship detection aims to reason over relationships among salient objects in images, which has drawn increasing attention over the past few years. Inspired by human reasoning mechanisms, it is believed that external visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Meng-Jiun Chiou , Roger Zimmermann , Jiashi Feng

Distinguishing spatial relations is a basic part of human cognition which requires fine-grained perception on cross-instance. Although benchmarks like MME, MMBench and SEED comprehensively have evaluated various capabilities which already…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Peijin Xie , Lin Sun , Bingquan Liu , Dexin Wang , Xiangzheng Zhang , Chengjie Sun , Jiajia Zhang

Recent advances in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have showcased remarkable capabilities in vision-language understanding. However, enabling robust video spatial reasoning-the ability to comprehend object locations, orientations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Haoran Tang , Meng Cao , Ruyang Liu , Xiaoxi Liang , Linglong Li , Ge Li , Xiaodan Liang

This study investigates the spatial reasoning capabilities of vision-language models (VLMs) through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting and reinforcement learning. We begin by evaluating the impact of different prompting strategies and find…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Binbin Ji , Siddharth Agrawal , Qiance Tang , Yvonne Wu

Large Vision Language Models (VLMs) have long struggled with spatial reasoning tasks. Surprisingly, even simple spatial reasoning tasks, such as recognizing "under" or "behind" relationships between only two objects, pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shiqi Chen , Tongyao Zhu , Ruochen Zhou , Jinghan Zhang , Siyang Gao , Juan Carlos Niebles , Mor Geva , Junxian He , Jiajun Wu , Manling Li

Visual commonsense reasoning task aims at leading the research field into solving cognition-level reasoning with the ability of predicting correct answers and meanwhile providing convincing reasoning paths, resulting in three sub-tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Weijiang Yu , Jingwen Zhou , Weihao Yu , Xiaodan Liang , Nong Xiao

Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR) is a cognitive task, challenging models to answer visual questions requiring human commonsense, and to provide rationales explaining why the answers are correct. With emergence of Large Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Mingjie Ma , Zhihuan Yu , Yichao Ma , Guohui Li

The ability to understand and reason about spatial relationships between objects in images is an important component of visual reasoning. This skill rests on the ability to recognize and localize objects of interest and determine their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Navid Rajabi , Jana Kosecka

Current multimodal LLMs encode images as static visual prefixes and rely on text-based reasoning, lacking goal-driven and adaptive visual access. Inspired by human visual perception-where attention is selectively and sequentially shifted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Guangfu Guo , Xiaoqian Lu , Yue Feng , Mingming Sun

Spatial reasoning remains a critical yet underdeveloped capability in existing vision-language models (VLMs), especially for Spatial Visual Question Answering (Spatial VQA) tasks that require understanding relative positions, distances, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Peiyao Wang , Haibin Ling

Reasoning is an important ability that we learn from a very early age. Yet, reasoning is extremely hard for algorithms. Despite impressive recent progress that has been reported on tasks that necessitate reasoning, such as visual question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Jingxiang Lin , Unnat Jain , Alexander G. Schwing

We propose a new spatial memory module and a spatial reasoner for the Visual Grounding (VG) task. The goal of this task is to find a certain object in an image based on a given textual query. Our work focuses on integrating the regions of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Thierry Deruyttere , Guillem Collell , Marie-Francine Moens

Reliable spatial reasoning remains a core bottleneck for vision-language models (VLMs). Existing mainstream training paradigms for spatial reasoning largely rely on outcome alignment or process imitation, lacking explicit constraints on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiangyang Li , Cong Wan , Changjie Wu , Songlin Dong , Lingjun Zhang , Linzhe Shi , Xu Wang , Zhiheng Ma , Hang Zhang , Mu Xu , Yihong Gong

In the field of multimodal chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, existing approaches predominantly rely on reasoning on pure language space, which inherently suffers from language bias and is largely confined to math or science domains. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jiacong Wang , Zijian Kang , Haochen Wang , Haiyong Jiang , Jiawen Li , Bohong Wu , Ya Wang , Jiao Ran , Xiao Liang , Chao Feng , Jun Xiao

In our work, we explore the synergistic capabilities of pre-trained vision-and-language models (VLMs) and large language models (LLMs) on visual commonsense reasoning (VCR) problems. We find that VLMs and LLMs-based decision pipelines are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Kaiwen Zhou , Kwonjoon Lee , Teruhisa Misu , Xin Eric Wang

Conditional inference on joint textual and visual clues is a multi-modal reasoning task that textual clues provide prior permutation or external knowledge, which are complementary with visual content and pivotal to deducing the correct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Yunxin Li , Baotian Hu , Xinyu Chen , Yuxin Ding , Lin Ma , Min Zhang

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly improved performance on tasks such as visual grounding and visual question answering. However, the reasoning processes of these models remain largely opaque;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Haobo Yuan , Yueyi Sun , Yanwei Li , Tao Zhang , Xueqing Deng , Henghui Ding , Lu Qi , Anran Wang , Xiangtai Li , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Multimodal latent-space reasoning aims to replace explicit thinking with images by performing visual reasoning directly in a compact latent space. However, existing approaches largely rely on visual supervision and produce latent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tianrun Xu , Yue Sun , Qixun Wang , Jingyi Lu , Yuan Wang , Tianren Zhang , Longteng Guo , Fengyun Rao , Jing Lyu , Feng Chen , Jing Liu

Despite recent successes, test-time scaling - i.e., dynamically expanding the token budget during inference as needed - remains brittle for vision-language models (VLMs): unstructured chains-of-thought about images entangle perception and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Niccolo Avogaro , Nayanika Debnath , Li Mi , Thomas Frick , Junling Wang , Zexue He , Hang Hua , Konrad Schindler , Mattia Rigotti