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The research interest in specialized hardware accelerators for deep neural networks (DNN) spikes recently owing to their superior performance and efficiency. However, today's DNN accelerators primarily focus on accelerating specific…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Cong Guo , Yangjie Zhou , Jingwen Leng , Yuhao Zhu , Zidong Du , Quan Chen , Chao Li , Bin Yao , Minyi Guo

The rapid growth of large-language models (LLMs) is driving a new wave of specialized hardware for inference. This paper presents the first workload-centric, cross-architectural performance study of commercial AI accelerators, spanning…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Amit Sharma

While neural network hardware accelerators provide a substantial amount of raw compute throughput, the models deployed on them must be co-designed for the underlying hardware architecture to obtain the optimal system performance. We present…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-09 Suyog Gupta , Berkin Akin

Need for the efficient processing of neural networks has given rise to the development of hardware accelerators. The increased adoption of specialized hardware has highlighted the need for more agile design flows for hardware-software…

Spatial (dataflow) computer architectures can mitigate the control and performance overhead of classical von Neumann architectures such as traditional CPUs. Driven by the popularity of Machine Learning (ML) workloads, spatial devices are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Tristan Laan , Tiziano De Matteis

Deep neural networks (DNN) have demonstrated effectiveness for various applications such as image processing, video segmentation, and speech recognition. Running state-of-the-art DNNs on current systems mostly relies on either…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Mohsen Imani , Mohammad Samragh , Yeseong Kim , Saransh Gupta , Farinaz Koushanfar , Tajana Rosing

Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) are specialized hardware accelerators for deep learning developed by Google. This paper aims to explore TPUs in cloud and edge computing focusing on its applications in AI. We provide an overview of TPUs,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Diego Sanmartín Carrión , Vera Prohaska

Heterogeneous computing platforms consisting of general purpose processors (GPPs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) have become commonplace in personal mobile devices and embedded systems. For years, programming of these platforms was…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-11 Jani Boutellier , Ilkka Hautala

Accurate and fast performance prediction for dataflow-based accelerators is vital for efficient hardware design and design space exploration, yet existing methods struggle to generalize across architectures, applications, and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Kaiyan Chang , Wenlong Zhu , Shengwen Liang , Huawei Li , Ying Wang

Emerging AI-enabled applications such as augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) leverage multiple deep neural network (DNN) models for sub-tasks such as object detection, hand tracking, and so on. Because of the diversity of the sub-tasks, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Hyoukjun Kwon , Liangzhen Lai , Michael Pellauer , Tushar Krishna , Yu-Hsin Chen , Vikas Chandra

In recent years, the development of specialized edge computing devices has significantly increased, driven by the growing demand for AI models. These devices, such as the NVIDIA Jetson series, must efficiently handle increased data…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ashiyana Abdul Majeed , Mahmoud Meribout

Since emerging edge applications such as Internet of Things (IoT) analytics and augmented reality have tight latency constraints, hardware AI accelerators have been recently proposed to speed up deep neural network (DNN) inference run by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Qianlin Liang , Walid A. Hanafy , Ahmed Ali-Eldin , Prashant Shenoy

Accelerating applications through the design of hardware accelerators can significantly enhance system performance and energy efficiency. Despite advances, such as high-level synthesis (HLS), designing accelerators for complex applications…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Abinand Nallathambi , Christopher Knight , Shantanu Ganguly , Wilfried Haensch , Anand Raghunathan

An increasing number of researchers are finding use for nth-order gradient computations for a wide variety of applications, including graphics, meta-learning (MAML), scientific computing, and most recently, implicit neural representations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Stefan Abi-Karam , Rishov Sarkar , Dejia Xu , Zhiwen Fan , Zhangyang Wang , Cong Hao

The unprecedented performance of deep neural networks (DNNs) has led to large strides in various Artificial Intelligence (AI) inference tasks, such as object and speech recognition. Nevertheless, deploying such AI models across commodity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Stylianos I. Venieris , Ioannis Panopoulos , Ilias Leontiadis , Iakovos S. Venieris

Edge-AI applications demand high-throughput, low-latency inference on FPGAs under tight resource and power constraints. This survey provides a comprehensive review of two key architectural decisions for FPGA-based neural network…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Richie Li

Recent researches on neural network have shown significant advantage in machine learning over traditional algorithms based on handcrafted features and models. Neural network is now widely adopted in regions like image, speech and video…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Kaiyuan Guo , Shulin Zeng , Jincheng Yu , Yu Wang , Huazhong Yang

The growing complexity of computational workloads has amplified the need for efficient and specialized hardware accelerators. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have emerged as prominent solutions,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Arnab A Purkayastha , Jay Tharwani , Shobhit Aggarwal

In recent times, the trend in very large scale integration (VLSI) industry is multi-dimensional, for example, reduction of energy consumption, occupancy of less space, precise result, less power dissipation, faster response. To meet these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Gaurab Bhattacharya

Deep neural network (DNN) inference relies increasingly on specialized hardware for high computational efficiency. This work introduces a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based dynamically configurable accelerator featuring systolic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Anastasios Petropoulos , Theodore Antonakopoulos