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The remarkable progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is foundation-ally linked to a concurrent revolution in computer architecture. As AI models, particularly Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), have grown in complexity, their massive…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shahid Amin , Syed Pervez Hussnain Shah

The exponential growth of large language models has outpaced the capabilities of traditional CPU and GPU architectures due to the slowdown of Moore's Law. Dataflow AI accelerators present a promising alternative; however, there remains a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Ziyu Hu , Zhiqing Zhong , Weijian Zheng , Zhijing Ye , Xuwei Tan , Xueru Zhang , Zheng Xie , Rajkumar Kettimuthu , Xiaodong Yu

This paper introduces a novel optimization framework for deep neural network (DNN) hardware accelerators, enabling the rapid development of customized and automated design flows. More specifically, our approach aims to automate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Zhiqiang Que , Shuo Liu , Markus Rognlien , Ce Guo , Jose G. F. Coutinho , Wayne Luk

Neural networks have become dominant computational workloads across cloud and edge platforms, but their rapid growth in model size and deployment diversity has exposed hardware bottlenecks increasingly dominated by memory movement,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-16 Bin Xu , Ayan Banerjee , Sandeep Gupta

Data-intensive workloads and applications, such as machine learning (ML), are fundamentally limited by traditional computing systems based on the von-Neumann architecture. As data movement operations and energy consumption become key…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Mehdi Hassanpour , Marc Riera , Antonio González

Deep learning has become widely used in complex AI applications. Yet, training a deep neural network (DNNs) model requires a considerable amount of calculations, long running time, and much energy. Nowadays, many-core AI accelerators (e.g.,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Yuxin Wang , Qiang Wang , Shaohuai Shi , Xin He , Zhenheng Tang , Kaiyong Zhao , Xiaowen Chu

Tensor processing units (TPUs) are one of the most well-known machine learning (ML) accelerators utilized at large scale in data centers as well as in tiny ML applications. TPUs offer several improvements and advantages over conventional ML…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Mohammed Elbtity , Peyton Chandarana , Ramtin Zand

Traditional computers with von Neumann architecture are unable to meet the latency and scalability challenges of Deep Neural Network (DNN) workloads. Various DNN accelerators based on Conventional compute Hardware Accelerator (CHA),…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Tom Glint , Chandan Kumar Jha , Manu Awasthi , Joycee Mekie

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), as a subset of Machine Learning (ML) techniques, entail that real-world data can be learned and that decisions can be made in real-time. However, their wide adoption is hindered by a number of software and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Kamilya Smagulova , Mohammed E. Fouda , Fadi Kurdahi , Khaled Salama , Ahmed Eltawil

The recent breakthroughs in deep neural networks (DNNs) have spurred a tremendously increased demand for DNN accelerators. However, designing DNN accelerators is non-trivial as it often takes months/years and requires cross-disciplinary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Yang Zhao , Chaojian Li , Yue Wang , Pengfei Xu , Yongan Zhang , Yingyan Lin

The push for greater efficiency in AI computation has given rise to an array of accelerator architectures that increasingly challenge the GPU's long-standing dominance. In this work, we provide a quantitative view of this evolving landscape…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Alicia Golden , Carole-Jean Wu , Gu-Yeon Wei , David Brooks

The everlasting demand for higher computing power for deep neural networks (DNNs) drives the development of parallel computing architectures. 3D integration, in which chips are integrated and connected vertically, can further increase…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Jan Moritz Joseph , Ananda Samajdar , Lingjun Zhu , Rainer Leupers , Sung-Kyu Lim , Thilo Pionteck , Tushar Krishna

Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a rapidly developing advanced technology, enabling the performance of complex tasks involving image recognition, natural language processing, and autonomous decision-making with high levels of accuracy.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Soumita Chatterjee , Sudip Ghosh , Tamal Ghosh , Hafizur Rahaman

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently exploded in popularity thanks to their broad applicability to graph-related problems such as quantum chemistry, drug discovery, and high energy physics. However, meeting demand for novel GNN models…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Rishov Sarkar , Stefan Abi-Karam , Yuqi He , Lakshmi Sathidevi , Cong Hao

Customized hardware accelerators have been developed to provide improved performance and efficiency for DNN inference and training. However, the existing hardware accelerators may not always be suitable for handling various DNN models as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Xiaofan Zhang , Hanchen Ye , Deming Chen

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has witnessed remarkable growth, particularly through the proliferation of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). These powerful models drive technological advancements across various domains. However, to harness their…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to outperform conventional machine learning algorithms across a wide range of applications, e.g., image recognition, object detection, robotics, and natural language processing. However, the high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Ye Yu , Yingmin Li , Shuai Che , Niraj K. Jha , Weifeng Zhang

Machine Learning (ML) is profoundly reshaping the way researchers create, implement, and operate data-intensive software. Its adoption, however, introduces notable challenges for computing infrastructures, particularly when it comes to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Lucio Anderlini , Giulio Bianchini , Diego Ciangottini , Stefano Dal Pra , Diego Michelotto , Rosa Petrini , Daniele Spiga

The increasing demand for on-device intelligence in Edge AI and TinyML applications requires the efficient execution of modern Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). While lightweight architectures like MobileNetV2 employ Depthwise Separable…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Muhammed Yildirim , Ozcan Ozturk

Efficient on-device neural network (NN) inference offers predictable latency, improved privacy and reliability, and lower operating costs for vendors than cloud-based inference. This has sparked recent development of microcontroller-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Josh Millar , Yushan Huang , Sarab Sethi , Hamed Haddadi , Anil Madhavapeddy
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