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Non-maximum suppression (NMS) is widely used in object detection pipelines for removing duplicated bounding boxes. The inconsistency between the confidence for NMS and the real localization confidence seriously affects detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Yan Gao , Qimeng Wang , Xu Tang , Haochen Wang , Fei Ding , Jing Li , Yao Hu

In this work, we propose N EIoU YOLOv9, a lightweight detection framework based on a signal aware bounding box regression loss derived from non monotonic gradient focusing and geometric decoupling principles, referred to as N EIoU (Non…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Dung Ta Nguyen Duc , Thanh Bui Dang , Hoang Le Minh , Tung Nguyen Viet , Huong Nguyen Thanh , Dong Trinh Cong

Confluence is a novel non-Intersection over Union (IoU) alternative to Non-Maxima Suppression (NMS) in bounding box post-processing in object detection. It overcomes the inherent limitations of IoU-based NMS variants to provide a more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Andrew Shepley , Greg Falzon , Paul Kwan

Numerous improvements for feedback mechanisms have contributed to the great progress in object detection. In this paper, we first present an evaluation-feedback module, which is proposed to consist of evaluation system and feedback…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Dong Chen , Duoqian Miao

Two-stage deep object detectors generate a set of regions-of-interest (RoI) in the first stage, then, in the second stage, identify objects among the proposed RoIs that sufficiently overlap with a ground truth (GT) box. The second stage is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Kemal Oksuz , Baris Can Cam , Emre Akbas , Sinan Kalkan

We demonstrate that many detection methods are designed to identify only a sufficently accurate bounding box, rather than the best available one. To address this issue we propose a simple and fast modification to the existing methods called…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Lachlan Tychsen-Smith , Lars Petersson

Bounding-box regression is a popular technique to refine or predict localization boxes in recent object detection approaches. Typically, bounding-box regressors are trained to regress from either region proposals or fixed anchor boxes to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Seungkwan Lee , Suha Kwak , Minsu Cho

Monocular 3D object detection is a challenging task because depth information is difficult to obtain from 2D images. A subset of viewpoint-agnostic monocular 3D detection methods also do not explicitly leverage scene homography or geometry…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Xinxuan Lu , Derek Gloudemans , Shepard Xia , Daniel B. Work

Large-scale object detection datasets (e.g., MS-COCO) try to define the ground truth bounding boxes as clear as possible. However, we observe that ambiguities are still introduced when labeling the bounding boxes. In this paper, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-18 Yihui He , Chenchen Zhu , Jianren Wang , Marios Savvides , Xiangyu Zhang

We present Boundary IoU (Intersection-over-Union), a new segmentation evaluation measure focused on boundary quality. We perform an extensive analysis across different error types and object sizes and show that Boundary IoU is significantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Bowen Cheng , Ross Girshick , Piotr Dollár , Alexander C. Berg , Alexander Kirillov

The most popular evaluation metric for object detection in 2D images is Intersection over Union (IoU). Existing implementations of the IoU metric for 3D object detection usually neglect one or more degrees of freedom. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Michael G. Adam , Martin Piccolrovazzi , Sebastian Eger , Eckehard Steinbach

In one-stage multi-object detection tasks, various intersection over union (IoU)-based solutions aim at smooth and stable convergence near the targets during training. However, IoU-based losses fail to correctly update the gradient of small…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Dian Ning , Dong Seog Han

Deep learning-based object detection and instance segmentation have achieved unprecedented progress. In this paper, we propose Complete-IoU (CIoU) loss and Cluster-NMS for enhancing geometric factors in both bounding box regression and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Zhaohui Zheng , Ping Wang , Dongwei Ren , Wei Liu , Rongguang Ye , Qinghua Hu , Wangmeng Zuo

Label assignment plays a significant role in modern object detection models. Detection models may yield totally different performances with different label assignment strategies. For anchor-based detection models, the IoU (Intersection over…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Tianxiao Zhang , Bo Luo , Ajay Sharda , Guanghui Wang

Current anchor-free object detectors are quite simple and effective yet lack accurate label assignment methods, which limits their potential in competing with classic anchor-based models that are supported by well-designed assignment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Jiachen Li , Bowen Cheng , Rogerio Feris , Jinjun Xiong , Thomas S. Huang , Wen-Mei Hwu , Humphrey Shi

Bounding boxes uniquely characterize object detection, where a good detector gives accurate bounding boxes of categories of interest. However, in the real-world where test ground truths are not provided, it is non-trivial to find out…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Yang Yang , Wenhai Wang , Zhe Chen , Jifeng Dai , Liang Zheng

Accurate pedestrian classification and localization have received considerable attention due to their wide applications such as security monitoring, autonomous driving, etc. Although pedestrian detectors have made great progress in recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Yan Luo , Chongyang Zhang , Muming Zhao , Hao Zhou , Jun Sun

Boosting is a popular algorithm in supervised machine learning with wide applications in regression and classification problems. It combines weak learners, such as regression trees, to obtain accurate predictions. However, in the presence…

Computation · Statistics 2025-02-06 Zhu Wang

In present object detection systems, the deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are utilized to predict bounding boxes of object candidates, and have gained performance advantages over the traditional region proposal methods. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-05 Jiahui Yu , Yuning Jiang , Zhangyang Wang , Zhimin Cao , Thomas Huang

Training a robust classifier and an accurate box regressor are difficult for occluded pedestrian detection. Traditionally adopted Intersection over Union (IoU) measurement does not consider the occluded region of the object and leads to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Ruiqi Lu , Huimin Ma