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Non-stabilizerness, also known as ``magic,'' quantifies how far a quantum state departs from the stabilizer set. It is a central resource behind quantum advantage and a useful probe of the complexity of quantum many-body states. Yet…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Piotr Sierant , Jofre Vallès-Muns , Artur Garcia-Saez

We introduce a monotone to quantify the amount of non-stabilizerness (or magic for short), in an arbitrary quantum state. The monotone gives a necessary and sufficient criterion for detecting the presence of magic for both pure and mixed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Krzysztof Warmuz , Ernest Dokudowiec , Chandrashekar Radhakrishnan , Tim Byrnes

Nonstabilizerness or `magic' is a key resource for quantum computing and a necessary condition for quantum advantage. Non-Clifford operations turn stabilizer states into resourceful states, where the amount of nonstabilizerness is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-06 Tobias Haug , Leandro Aolita , M. S. Kim

Variational techniques have long been at the heart of atomic, solid-state, and many-body physics. They have recently extended to quantum and classical machine learning, providing a basis for representing quantum states via neural networks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 Thomas Spriggs , Arash Ahmadi , Bokai Chen , Eliska Greplova

Quantum computing's promise lies in its intrinsic complexity, with entanglement initially heralded as its hallmark. However, the quest for quantum advantage extends beyond entanglement, encompassing the realm of nonstabilizer (magic)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-05 Antonio Francesco Mello , Guglielmo Lami , Mario Collura

Magic (non-stabilizerness) is a necessary but "expensive" kind of "fuel" to drive universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. To properly study and characterize the origin of quantum "complexity" in computation as well as physics, it is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-16 Zi-Wen Liu , Andreas Winter

Quantum magic, or nonstabilizerness, provides a crucial characterization of quantum systems, regarding the classical simulability with stabilizer states. In this work, we propose a novel and efficient algorithm for computing stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Zejun Liu , Bryan K. Clark

Magic is a quantum resource essential for universal quantum computation and represents the deviation of quantum states from those that can be simulated efficiently using classical algorithms. Using the Stabilizer R\'enyi Entropy (SRE), we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Qiaofeng Liu , Ian Low , Zhewei Yin

Toward an improved understanding of the role of quantum information in nuclei and exotic matter, we examine the quantum magic (non-stabilizerness) in low-energy strong interaction processes. As stabilizer states can be prepared efficiently…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-27 Caroline E. P. Robin , Martin J. Savage

Magic-state resource theory is a fundamental framework with far-reaching applications in quantum error correction and the classical simulation of quantum systems. Recent advances have significantly deepened our understanding of magic as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Lennart Bittel , Lorenzo Leone

Non-stabilizerness (colloquially "magic") characterizes genuinely quantum (beyond-Clifford) operations necessary for preparation of quantum states, and can be measured by stabilizer R\'enyi entropy (SRE). For permutationally symmetric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Tanausú Hernández-Yanes , Piotr Sierant , Jakub Zakrzewski , Marcin Płodzień

We consider the costs and benefits of embedding the states of one quantum system within those of another. Such embeddings are ubiquitous, e.g., in error correcting codes and in symmetry-constrained systems. In particular we investigate the…

We investigate the dynamics of nonstabilizerness - also known as `magic' - in monitored quantum circuits composed of random Clifford unitaries and local projective measurements. For measurements in the computational basis, we derive an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Annarita Scocco , Wai-Keong Mok , Leandro Aolita , Mario Collura , Tobias Haug

Magic, also known as nonstabilizerness, quantifies the distance of a quantum state to the set of stabilizer states, and it serves as a necessary resource for potential quantum advantage over classical computing. In this work, we study magic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Poetri Sonya Tarabunga , Emanuele Tirrito

Quantum computers promise to solve computational problems significantly faster than classical computers. These 'speed-ups' are achieved by utilizing a resource known as magic. Measuring the amount of magic used by a device allows us to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Roy J. Garcia , Gaurav Bhole , Kaifeng Bu , Liyuan Chen , Haribabu Arthanari , Arthur Jaffe

Quantum state purification, a process that aims to recover a state closer to a system's principal eigenstate from multiple copies of an unknown noisy quantum state, is crucial for restoring noisy states to a more useful form in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Keming He , Chengkai Zhu , Hongshun Yao , Jinguo Liu , Yinan Li , Xin Wang

Quantum magic, or non-stabilizerness, is an important quantum resource that characterizes computational power beyond classically simulable Clifford operations and is therefore essential for achieving quantum advantage. While previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 András Grabarits , Adolfo del Campo

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from…

We study the non-stabilizerness (quantum magic) content of the Hubbard dimer, an analytically solvable, yet completely non-trivial, model of strongly correlated fermions. We can access zero- and finite-temperature properties as well as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Edoardo Zavatti , Gabriele Bellomia , Massimo Capone

The leading approach to fault tolerant quantum computing requires a continual supply of magic states. When a new magic state is first encoded, its initial fidelity will be too poor for use in the computation. This necessitates a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-24 Ying Li