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In this paper, a neural network predictive controller is proposed to regulate the active and the reactive power delivered to the grid generated by a three-phase virtual inertia-based inverter. The concept of the conventional virtual…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Sepehr Saadatmand , Mohammad Saleh Sanjarinia , Pourya Shamsi , Mehdi Ferdowsi , Donald C. Wunsch

This paper presents a novel Dynam-i-c Droop (iDroop) control mechanism to perform primary frequency control with gird-connected inverters that improves the network dynamic performance. The work is motivated by the dynamic degradation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Enrique Mallada

Power systems with a high penetration of renewable generation are vulnerable to frequency oscillation and voltage instability. Traditionally, the stability of power systems is considered either in terms of local stability or as an angle…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-31 Xinyuan Jiang , Constantino M. Lagoa , Daning Huang , Yan Li

This paper considers a power transmission network characterized by interconnected nonlinear swing dynamics on generator buses. At the steady state, frequencies across different buses synchronize to a common nominal value such as $50$Hz or…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-04 Yijun Chen , Ian R. Petersen , Elizabeth L. Ratnam

Integration of intermittent renewable energy sources in modern power systems is increasing very fast. Replacement of synchronous generators with zero-to-low variable renewables substantially decreases the system inertia. In a large system,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-23 Mingjian Tuo , Xingpeng Li

In this paper, five virtual inertia control structures are implemented and tested on a variable speed hydropower (VSHP) plant. The results show that all five can deliver fast power reserves to maintain grid stability after disturbances…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-20 Tor Inge Reigstad , Kjetil Uhlen

Due to the rapid developments in synchronized measurement technologies, there exist enormous opportunities to attenuate disturbances in future power grids with high penetration of renewables and complex load demands. To that end, this paper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-03 Muhammad Nadeem , MirSaleh Bahavarnia , Ahmad F. Taha

Modern power systems present low levels of inertia due to the growing shares of converter-interfaced generation. Consequently, renewable energy sources are increasingly requested to provide frequency support. In addition, due to the inertia…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-23 Joakim Björk , Daniel Vázquez Pombo , Karl Henrik Johansson

Increased penetration of inverter-connected renewable energy sources (RES) in the power system has resulted in a decrease in available rotational inertia which serves as an immediate response to frequency deviation due to disturbances. The…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang

This paper is motivated by the need to enhance today's Automatic Generation Control (AGC) for ensuring high quality frequency response in the changing electric power systems. Renewable energy sources, if not controlled carefully, create…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Xia Miao , Qixing Liu , Marija Ilic

Grid-forming inverter-based autonomous microgrids present new operational challenges as the stabilizing rotational inertia of synchronous machines is absent. The design of efficient control policies for grid-forming inverters is, however, a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Yemi Ojo , Jeremy D. Watson , Khaled Laib , Ioannis Lestas

Active power oscillations frequently arise in inverter-dominated power systems with multiple converters operating under Virtual Synchronous Generator control, posing risks to system stability and protection coordination. While various…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-29 Junjie Xiao , Lu Wang , Xiong Du , Pedro Rodriguez , Zian Qin

This study examines the transient stability of low-inertia power systems with inverter-based generation (IBG) and proposes a sufficient stability criterion. In low-inertia grids, transient interactions are induced between the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-22 Changjun He , Xiuqiang He , Hua Geng , Huadong Sun , Shiyun Xu

Time-varying renewable energy generation can result in serious under-/over-voltage conditions in future distribution grids. Augmenting conventional utility-owned voltage regulating equipment with the reactive power capabilities of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-08-27 Vassilis Kekatos , Liang Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis , Ross Baldick

Robust synchronization is indispensable for stable operation of a power grid. Recently, it has been reported that a large number of decentralized generators, rather than a small number of large power plants, provide enhanced synchronization…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-05-24 Mi Jin Lee , Beom Jun Kim

As electric power systems evolve towards decarbonization, the transition to inverter-based resources (IBRs) presents challenges to grid stability, necessitating innovative control solutions. Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) emerges as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Jingzhe Xu , Weihua Zhou , Behrooz Bahrani

Uncertainty from renewable energy and loads is one of the major challenges for stable grid operation. Various approaches have been explored to remedy these uncertainties. In this paper, we design centralized or decentralized state-feedback…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Ahmad F. Taha , Mohammadhafez Bazrafshan , Sebastian Nugroho , Nikolaos Gatsis , Junjian Qi

In order to prevent the potential frequency instability due to the high Power Electronics (PE) penetration under an unintentional islanding event, this paper presents a novel microgrid scheduling model which explicitly models the system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-01 Zhongda Chu , Ning Zhang , Fei Teng

We consider the problem of grid-forming control of power converters in low-inertia power systems. Starting from an average-switch three-phase inverter model, we draw parallels to a synchronous machine (SM) model and propose a novel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-27 Catalin Arghir , Taouba Jouini , Florian Dorfler

This paper presents an integration study for a power electronic-based fast-frequency response technology, an asynchronous grid connection operating as an aggregator for behindthe-meter resources and distributed generators. Both technical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Felix Wald , Amir Sajadi , Barry Mather , Giovanni De Carne