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This paper proposes SAT-based techniques to calculate a specific normal form of a given finite mathematical structure (model). The normal form is obtained by permuting the domain elements so that the representation of the structure is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Mikoláš Janota , Choiwah Chow , João Araújo , Michael Codish , Petr Vojtěchovský

We present a simple randomized algorithm that approximates the number of satisfying assignments of Boolean formulas in conjunctive normal form. To the best of our knowledge this is the first algorithm which approximates #k-SAT for any k >=…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-07-12 Marc Thurley

Open questions with respect to the computational complexity of linear CNF formulas in connection with regularity and uniformity are addressed. In particular it is proven that any l-regular monotone CNF formula is XSAT-unsatisfiable if its…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-19 Bernd. R. Schuh

The dramatic improvements in combinatorial optimization algorithms over the last decades have had a major impact in artificial intelligence, operations research, and beyond, but the output of current state-of-the-art solvers is often hard…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Stephan Gocht , Jakob Nordström

Modern SAT and SMT solvers are designed to handle problems expressed in Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) so that non-CNF problems must be CNF-ized upfront, typically by using variants of either Tseitin or Plaisted and Greenbaum…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Gabriele Masina , Giuseppe Spallitta , Roberto Sebastiani

In this paper we propose a structural parameter of CNF formulas and use it to identify instances of weighted MaxSAT and #SAT that can be solved in polynomial time. Given a CNF formula we say that a set of clauses is precisely satisfiable if…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-02-27 Sigve Hortemo Sæther , Jan Arne Telle , Martin Vatshelle

A generalized 1-in-3SAT problem is defined and found to be in complexity class P when restricted to a certain subset of CNF expressions. In particular, 1-in-kSAT with no restrictions on the number of literals per clause can be decided in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Bernd R. Schuh

We present a new algorithm for deciding formula entailment in orthologic (a sound approximation of classical logic) that avoids the costly preprocessing phase of prior implementations while retaining the same $\mathcal{O}(n^2(1+|A|))$…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Vladislas de Haldat , Simon Guilloud , Viktor Kunčak

In this paper, we prove that the general CNF satisfiability problem can be solved in $O^*(1.0638^L)$ time, where $L$ is the length of the input CNF-formula (i.e., the total number of literals in the formula), which improves the previous…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Junqiang Peng , Mingyu Xiao

We obtain the smallest unsatisfiable formulas in subclasses of $k$-CNF (exactly $k$ distinct literals per clause) with bounded variable or literal occurrences. Smaller unsatisfiable formulas of this type translate into stronger…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Tianwei Zhang , Tomáš Peitl , Stefan Szeider

There have been several efforts to apply quantum SAT solving methods to factor large integers. While these methods may provide insight into quantum SAT solving, to date they have not led to a convincing path to integer factorization that is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Michele Mosca , João Marcos Vensi Basso , Sebastian R. Verschoor

The minimization of propositional formulae is a classical problem in logic, whose first algorithms date back at least to the 1950s with the works of Quine and Karnaugh. Most previous work in the area has focused on obtaining minimal, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Eduardo Calò , Jordi Levy

This paper introduces SATFuL, a SAT solver for fuzzy logics. In contrast to the Boolean case, for which numerous SAT solvers exist, the SAT problem for fuzzy logics has attracted less attention, even though these tools have interesting…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Pablo F. Castro

The Exact Satisfiability problem, XSAT, is defined as the problem of finding a satisfying assignment to a formula in CNF such that there is exactly one literal in each clause assigned to be 1 and the other literals in the same clause are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Gordon Hoi , Sanjay Jain , Frank Stephan

The CNF formula satisfiability problem (CNF-SAT) has been reduced to many fundamental problems in P to prove tight lower bounds under the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH). Recently, the works of Abboud, Hansen, Vassilevska W. and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Daniel Gibney , Gary Hoppenworth , Sharma V. Thankachan

Circuit Satisfiability (CSAT) plays a pivotal role in Electronic Design Automation. The standard workflow for solving CSAT problems converts circuits into Conjunctive Normal Form (CNF) and employs generic SAT solvers powered by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiaying Zhu , Ziyang Zheng , Zhengyuan Shi , Yalun Cai , Qiang Xu

While 3-SAT is NP-hard, 2-SAT is solvable in polynomial time. Austrin, Guruswami, and H\r{a}stad roved a result known as "$(2+\varepsilon)$-SAT is NP-hard" [FOCS'14/SICOMP'17]. They showed that the problem of distinguishing k-CNF formulas…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Alex Brandts , Marcin Wrochna , Stanislav Živný

Given a CNF formula and a weight for each assignment of values to variables, two natural problems are weighted model counting and distribution-aware sampling of satisfying assignments. Both problems have a wide variety of important…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-04-14 Supratik Chakraborty , Daniel J. Fremont , Kuldeep S. Meel , Sanjit A. Seshia , Moshe Y. Vardi

In this paper we introduce "hybrid" Max 2-CSP formulas consisting of "simple clauses", namely conjunctions and disjunctions of pairs of variables, and general 2-variable clauses, which can be any integer-valued functions of pairs of boolean…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-06-22 Serge Gaspers , Gregory B. Sorkin

Boolean Skolem function synthesis concerns synthesizing outputs as Boolean functions of inputs such that a relational specification between inputs and outputs is satisfied. This problem, also known as Boolean functional synthesis, has…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Preey Shah , Aman Bansal , S. Akshay , Supratik Chakraborty