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This paper provides testable predictions about starlight polarizations to constrain the geometry of the Galactic magnetic field, in particular the nature of the poloidal component. Galactic dynamo simulations and Galactic dust distributions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2012-02-07 Michael D. Pavel

We present a method for obtaining unbiased signal estimates in the presence of a significant unknown background, eliminating the need for a parametric model for the background itself. Our approach is based on a minimal set of conditions for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-26 Johannes Diehl , Jakob Knollmüller , Oliver Schulz

Risk management is particularly concerned with extreme events, but analysing these events is often hindered by the scarcity of data, especially in a multivariate context. This data scarcity complicates risk management efforts. Various tools…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-15 Nisrine Madhar , Juliette Legrand , Maud Thomas

An understanding of how input parameter uncertainty in the numerical simulation of physical models leads to simulation output uncertainty is a challenging task. Common methods for quantifying output uncertainty, such as performing a grid or…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-09-25 Samuel G. McCallum , James E. Lerpiniére , Kjeld O. Jensen , Alison B. Walker

Searches for faint signals in counting experiments are often encountered in particle physics and astrophysics, as well as in other fields. Many problems can be reduced to the case of a model with independent and Poisson-distributed signal…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-02-14 Diego Casadei , Cornelius Grunwald , Kevin Kröninger , Florian Mentzel

State-of-the-art solutions for Shape-from-Polarization (SfP) suffer from a speed-resolution tradeoff: they either sacrifice the number of polarization angles measured or necessitate lengthy acquisition times due to framerate constraints,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Manasi Muglikar , Leonard Bauersfeld , Diederik Paul Moeys , Davide Scaramuzza

Searches for new astrophysical phenomena often involve several sources of non-random uncertainties which can lead to highly misleading results. Among these, model-uncertainty arising from background mismodelling can dramatically compromise…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-01-15 Sara Algeri

Mitigation of the impact of foreground contributions to measurements of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization is a crucial step in modern CMB data analysis and is of particular importance for a detection of large-scale CMB $B$…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-14 Clément Leloup , Josquin Errard , Radek Stompor

Likelihood fitting to two-point clustering statistics made from galaxy surveys usually assumes a multivariate normal distribution for the measurements, with justification based on the central limit theorem given the large number of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-23 Mike Shengbo Wang , Will J. Percival , Santiago Avila , Robert Crittenden , Davide Bianchi

We derive the stationary probability distribution for a non-equilibrium system composed by an arbitrary number of degrees of freedom that are subject to Gaussian colored noise and a conservative potential. This is based on a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-01 Claudio Maggi , Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi , Nicoletta Gnan , Roberto Di Leonardo

Parameter estimation via unbinned maximum likelihood fits is central for many analyses performed in high energy physics. Unbinned maximum likelihood fits using event weights, for example to statistically subtract background contributions…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2022-05-09 Christoph Langenbruch

The launch of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), the first space-based polarimeter since 1978, offers a two order of magnitude improvement to the measurement of X-ray polarisation than its predecessor OSO-8, offering…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-22 Melissa Ewing , Adam Ingram , John Rankin , Fabio Muleri

X-ray Polarimetry is almost as old as X-ray Astronomy. Since the first discovery of X-ray sources theoretical analysis suggested that a high degree of linear polarization could be expected due either to the, extremely non thermal, emission…

This paper proposes improved methods for the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the equivalent number of looks $L$. This parameter has a meaningful interpretation in the context of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-04-22 Abraão D. C. Nascimento , Alejandro C. Frery , Renato J. Cintra

Many statistical studies are concerned with the analysis of observations organized in a matrix form whose elements are count data. When these observations are assumed to follow a Poisson or a multinomial distribution, it is of interest to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-04 Jérémie Bigot , Charles Deledalle

We consider parametric Markov decision processes (pMDPs) that are augmented with unknown probability distributions over parameter values. The problem is to compute the probability to satisfy a temporal logic specification with any concrete…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Thom Badings , Murat Cubuktepe , Nils Jansen , Sebastian Junges , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Ufuk Topcu

Extreme value statistics provides accurate estimates for the small occurrence probabilities of rare events. While theory and statistical tools for univariate extremes are well-developed, methods for high-dimensional and complex data sets…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-06 Sebastian Engelke , Jevgenijs Ivanovs

An optical waveplate rotating light polarization can be modeled as a single-qubit unitary operator, whose action can be experimentally determined via quantum process tomography. Standard approaches to tomographic problems rely on the…

Standard maximum-likelihood estimators for binary-star and exoplanet eccentricities are biased high, in the sense that the estimated eccentricity tends to be larger than the true eccentricity. As with most non-trivial observables, a simple…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-01-19 David W. Hogg , Adam D. Myers , Jo Bovy

There has been a wide interest to extend univariate and multivariate nonparametric procedures to clustered and hierarchical data. Traditionally, parametric mixed models have been used to account for the correlation structures among the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-02 Jaakko Nevalainen , Denis Larocque , Hannu Oja , Ilkka Pörsti