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Recently, the benefit of heavily overparameterized models has been observed in machine learning tasks: models with enough capacity to easily cross the \emph{interpolation threshold} improve in generalization error compared to the classical…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-09-03 Matthias Vigl , Lukas Heinrich

The double descent phenomenon, which deviates from the traditional bias-variance trade-off theory, attracts considerable research attention; however, the mechanism of its occurrence is not fully understood. On the other hand, in the study…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Shun Iwase , Shuya Takahashi , Nakamasa Inoue , Rio Yokota , Ryo Nakamura , Hirokatsu Kataoka

In their thought-provoking paper [1], Belkin et al. illustrate and discuss the shape of risk curves in the context of modern high-complexity learners. Given a fixed training sample size $n$, such curves show the risk of a learner as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Marco Loog , Tom Viering , Alexander Mey , Jesse H. Krijthe , David M. J. Tax

Double-descent curves in neural networks describe the phenomenon that the generalisation error initially descends with increasing parameters, then grows after reaching an optimal number of parameters which is less than the number of data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-29 Ouns El Harzli , Bernardo Cuenca Grau , Guillermo Valle-Pérez , Ard A. Louis

Overparametrized models can exhibit an excellent generalization performance, although they should be prone to overfitting according to classical statistical theory. The discovery of the "double descent", indicating that the generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tino Werner

In this paper, we studied two identically-trained neural networks (i.e. networks with the same architecture, trained on the same dataset using the same algorithm, but with different initialization) and found that their outputs discrepancy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Yifan Luo , Bin Dong

Finding the optimal size of deep learning models is very actual and of broad impact, especially in energy-saving schemes. Very recently, an unexpected phenomenon, the ``double descent'', has caught the attention of the deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Victor Quétu , Enzo Tartaglione

We study the relationship between model complexity and out-of-sample performance in the context of mean-variance portfolio optimization. Representing model complexity by the number of assets, we find that the performance of low-dimensional…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-12-02 Yonghe Lu , Yanrong Yang , Terry Zhang

Deep learning methods operate in regimes that defy the traditional statistical mindset. Neural network architectures often contain more parameters than training samples, and are so rich that they can interpolate the observed labels, even if…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-14 Song Mei , Andrea Montanari

The relationship between the number of training data points, the number of parameters, and the generalization capabilities of models has been widely studied. Previous work has shown that double descent can occur in the over-parameterized…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-28 Xinyue Li , Rishi Sonthalia

This paper investigates the double descent phenomenon in two-layer neural networks, focusing on the role of L1 regularization and representation dimensions. It explores an alternative double descent phenomenon, named sparse double descent.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Ya Shi Zhang

A recent line of research has highlighted the existence of a "double descent" phenomenon in deep learning, whereby increasing the number of training examples $N$ causes the generalization error of neural networks to peak when $N$ is of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Stéphane d'Ascoli , Levent Sagun , Giulio Biroli

`Double descent' delineates the generalization behaviour of models depending on the regime they belong to: under- or over-parameterized. The current theoretical understanding behind the occurrence of this phenomenon is primarily based on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-15 Sidak Pal Singh , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann , Bernhard Schölkopf

Common practice in modern machine learning involves fitting a large number of parameters relative to the number of observations. These overparameterized models can exhibit surprising generalization behavior, e.g., ``double descent'' in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-03 Pratik Patil , Jin-Hong Du , Ryan J. Tibshirani

We study the transfer learning process between two linear regression problems. An important and timely special case is when the regressors are overparameterized and perfectly interpolate their training data. We examine a parameter transfer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Yehuda Dar , Richard G. Baraniuk

People usually believe that network pruning not only reduces the computational cost of deep networks, but also prevents overfitting by decreasing model capacity. However, our work surprisingly discovers that network pruning sometimes even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Zheng He , Zeke Xie , Quanzhi Zhu , Zengchang Qin

Double descent refers to the phase transition that is exhibited by the generalization error of unregularized learning models when varying the ratio between the number of parameters and the number of training samples. The recent success of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Michał Dereziński , Feynman Liang , Michael W. Mahoney

Double descent presents a counter-intuitive aspect within the machine learning domain, and researchers have observed its manifestation in various models and tasks. While some theoretical explanations have been proposed for this phenomenon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yufei Gu

The theory of bias-variance used to serve as a guide for model selection when applying Machine Learning algorithms. However, modern practice has shown success with over-parameterized models that were expected to overfit but did not. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Luis Sa-Couto , Jose Miguel Ramos , Miguel Almeida , Andreas Wichert

The double descent (DD) paradox, where over-parameterized models see generalization improve past the interpolation point, remains largely unexplored in the non-stationary domain of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). We present preliminary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Viktor Veselý , Aleksandar Todorov , Matthia Sabatelli