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Humans reason with concepts and metaconcepts: we recognize red and green from visual input; we also understand that they describe the same property of objects (i.e., the color). In this paper, we propose the visual concept-metaconcept…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Chi Han , Jiayuan Mao , Chuang Gan , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Jiajun Wu

Open-set few-shot image classification aims to train models using a small amount of labeled data, enabling them to achieve good generalization when confronted with unknown environments. Existing methods mainly use visual information from a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Kexuan Shi , Zhuang Qi , Jingjing Zhu , Lei Meng , Yaochen Zhang , Haibei Huang , Xiangxu Meng

We introduce Prototype Generation, a stricter and more robust form of feature visualisation for model-agnostic, data-independent interpretability of image classification models. We demonstrate its ability to generate inputs that result in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Arush Tagade , Jessica Rumbelow

The ability to interpret machine learning model decisions is critical in such domains as healthcare, where trust in model predictions is as important as their accuracy. Inspired by the development of prototype parts-based deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jacek Karolczak , Jerzy Stefanowski

Recent advancements in post-hoc and inherently interpretable methods have markedly enhanced the explanations of black box classifier models. These methods operate either through post-analysis or by integrating concept learning during model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Bor-Shiun Wang , Chien-Yi Wang , Wei-Chen Chiu

We propose Recognition as Part Composition (RPC), an image encoding approach inspired by human cognition. It is based on the cognitive theory that humans recognize complex objects by components, and that they build a small compact…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Samarth Mishra , Pengkai Zhu , Venkatesh Saligrama

Learning visual concepts from raw images without strong supervision is a challenging task. In this work, we show the advantages of prototype representations for understanding and revising the latent space of neural concept learners. For…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Wolfgang Stammer , Marius Memmel , Patrick Schramowski , Kristian Kersting

We propose a novel interpretable deep neural network for text classification, called ProtoryNet, based on a new concept of prototype trajectories. Motivated by the prototype theory in modern linguistics, ProtoryNet makes a prediction by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Dat Hong , Tong Wang , Stephen S. Baek

Visual concept discovery has long been deemed important to improve interpretability of neural networks, because a bank of semantically meaningful concepts would provide us with a starting point for building machine learning models that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Haiyang Huang , Zhi Chen , Cynthia Rudin

Prototype-based explanations offer an intuitive, example-based approach to support the interpretability of machine learning black box classifiers but often lack feature-level granularity. We introduce a framework that integrates feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jacek Karolczak , Jerzy Stefanowski

The proposed framework named IDEAL (Interpretable-by-design DEep learning ALgorithms) recasts the standard supervised classification problem into a function of similarity to a set of prototypes derived from the training data, while taking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Plamen Angelov , Dmitry Kangin , Ziyang Zhang

In the context of image classification, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) first embed images into a set of human-understandable concepts, followed by an intrinsically interpretable classifier that predicts labels based on these intermediate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Haifei Zhang , Patrick Barry , Eduardo Brandao

XAI gained considerable importance in recent years. Methods based on prototypical case-based reasoning have shown a promising improvement in explainability. However, these methods typically rely on additional post-hoc saliency techniques to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Steffen Meinert , Philipp Schlinge , Nils Strodthoff , Martin Atzmueller

Pretrained transformer-based Language Models (LMs) are well-known for their ability to achieve significant improvement on NLP tasks, but their black-box nature, which leads to a lack of interpretability, has been a major concern. My…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Ximing Wen

Part-prototype models are explainable-by-design image classifiers, and a promising alternative to black box AI. This paper explores the applicability and potential of interpretable machine learning, in particular PIP-Net, for automated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Meike Nauta , Johannes H. Hegeman , Jeroen Geerdink , Jörg Schlötterer , Maurice van Keulen , Christin Seifert

Prototypical part network (ProtoPNet) methods have been designed to achieve interpretable classification by associating predictions with a set of training prototypes, which we refer to as trivial prototypes because they are trained to lie…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Chong Wang , Yuyuan Liu , Yuanhong Chen , Fengbei Liu , Yu Tian , Davis J. McCarthy , Helen Frazer , Gustavo Carneiro

A creative idea is often born from transforming, combining, and modifying ideas from existing visual examples capturing various concepts. However, one cannot simply copy the concept as a whole, and inspiration is achieved by examining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Yael Vinker , Andrey Voynov , Daniel Cohen-Or , Ariel Shamir

We propose Automatic Feature Explanation using Contrasting Concepts (FALCON), an interpretability framework to explain features of image representations. For a target feature, FALCON captions its highly activating cropped images using a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Neha Kalibhat , Shweta Bhardwaj , Bayan Bruss , Hamed Firooz , Maziar Sanjabi , Soheil Feizi

Concept-based approaches, which aim to identify human-understandable concepts within a model's internal representations, are a promising method for interpreting embeddings from deep neural network models, such as CLIP. While these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jitian Zhao , Chenghui Li , Frederic Sala , Karl Rohe

Contrastive learning has revolutionized the field of computer vision, learning rich representations from unlabeled data, which generalize well to diverse vision tasks. Consequently, it has become increasingly important to explain these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Fawaz Sammani , Boris Joukovsky , Nikos Deligiannis