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Geometry is a fundamental branch of mathematics and plays a crucial role in evaluating the reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, existing multimodal mathematics benchmarks mainly focus on plane…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Peijie Wang , Chao Yang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Fei Yin , Dekang Ran , Mi Tian , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Cheng-Lin Liu

Evaluating the symbolic reasoning of large language models (LLMs) calls for geometry benchmarks that require multi-step proofs grounded in both text and diagrams. However, existing benchmarks are often limited in scale and rarely provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yushun Zhang , Weiping Fu , Zesheng Yang , Bo Zhao , Lingling Zhang , Jian Zhang , Yumeng Fu , Jiaxing Huang , Jun Liu

Geometry problem solving is a well-recognized testbed for evaluating the high-level multi-modal reasoning capability of deep models. In most existing works, two main geometry problems: calculation and proving, are usually treated as two…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Jiaqi Chen , Tong Li , Jinghui Qin , Pan Lu , Liang Lin , Chongyu Chen , Xiaodan Liang

Proving geometric theorems constitutes a hallmark of visual reasoning combining both intuitive and logical skills. Therefore, automated theorem proving of Olympiad-level geometry problems is considered a notable milestone in human-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Shiven Sinha , Ameya Prabhu , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Siddharth Bhat , Matthias Bethge

Recent advances in large language models show strong promise for formal reasoning. However, most LLM-based theorem provers have long been constrained by the need for expert-written formal statements as inputs, limiting their applicability…

The challenge of formal proof generation has a rich history, but with modern techniques, we may finally be at the stage of making actual progress in real-life mathematical problems. This paper explores the integration of ChatGPT and basic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Sangjun Han , Taeil Hur , Youngmi Hur , Kathy Sangkyung Lee , Myungyoon Lee , Hyojae Lim

This paper presents GPSM4K, a comprehensive geometry multimodal dataset tailored to augment the problem-solving capabilities of Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs). GPSM4K encompasses 2157 multimodal question-answer pairs manually…

As automated reasoning systems advance rapidly, there is a growing need for research-level formal mathematical problems to accurately evaluate their capabilities. To address this, we present Formal Conjectures, an evolving benchmark of…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), such as GPT4o, have shown strong capabilities in visual reasoning and explanation generation. However, despite these strengths, they face significant challenges in the increasingly critical task of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Fanrui Zhang , Jiawei Liu , Jiaying Zhu , Esther Sun , Dong Li , Qiang Zhang , Zheng-Jun Zha

Despite recent advances in multimodal reasoning, representing auxiliary geometric constructions remains a fundamental challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Such constructions are absent from the original diagram and must…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Haiying Xu , Zihan Wang , Song Dai , Zhengxuan Zhang , Kairan Dou , Xuming Hu

We present NoReGeo, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate the intrinsic geometric understanding of large language models (LLMs) without relying on reasoning or algebraic computation. Unlike existing benchmarks that primarily assess models'…

Multi-Agent Path Finding is a fundamental problem in robotics and AI, yet most existing formulations treat planning and execution separately and address variants of the problem in an ad hoc manner. This paper presents a system-level…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jiarui Li , Alessandro Zanardi , Federico Pecora , Runyu Zhang , Gioele Zardini

Fault Tree (FT) is a standard failure modeling technique that has been extensively used to predict reliability, availability and safety of many complex engineering systems. In order to facilitate the formal analysis of FT based analyses, a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Waqar Ahmed , Osman Hasan

This paper presents the initial results from our structured literature review on applications of Formal Methods (FM) to Robotic Autonomous Systems (RAS). We describe our structured survey methodology; including database selection and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Atef Azaiez , David A. Anisi , Marie Farrell , Matt Luckcuck

Diagram parsing is an important foundation for geometry problem solving, attracting increasing attention in the field of intelligent education and document image understanding. Due to the complex layout and between-primitive relationship,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Yihan Hao , Mingliang Zhang , Fei Yin , Linlin Huang

AI-driven geometric problem solving is a complex vision-language task that requires accurate diagram interpretation, mathematical reasoning, and robust cross-modal grounding. A foundational yet underexplored capability for this task is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Bing Liu , Wenqiang Yv , Xuzheng Yang , Shichang Wang , Junzhuo Liu , Peng Wang , Guoqing Wang , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

Multimodal reasoning models (MRMs) trained with reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) show improved accuracy on visual reasoning benchmarks. However, we observe that accuracy gains often come at the cost of reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Aditya Kanade , Rohit Sinha , Vineeth N Balasubramanian , Tanuja Ganu

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly excel at mathematical reasoning, but their unreliability limits their utility in mathematics research. A mitigation is using LLMs to generate formal proofs in languages like Lean. We perform the…

Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) in formal languages is a foundational challenge for AI. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have driven remarkable progress, a significant gap remains between their powerful informal reasoning capabilities and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Zhenwen Liang , Linfeng Song , Yang Li , Tao Yang , Feng Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Despite their proficiency in general tasks, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) struggle with automatic Geometry Problem Solving (GPS), which demands understanding diagrams, interpreting symbols, and performing complex reasoning. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Renqiu Xia , Mingsheng Li , Hancheng Ye , Wenjie Wu , Hongbin Zhou , Jiakang Yuan , Tianshuo Peng , Xinyu Cai , Xiangchao Yan , Bin Wang , Conghui He , Botian Shi , Tao Chen , Junchi Yan , Bo Zhang