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We study visual explanation in geometry education as a Referring Image Segmentation (RIS) problem: given a diagram and a natural language description, the task is to produce a pixel-level mask for the referred geometric element. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Hai Nguyen-Truong , Alper Balbay , Tunga Bayrak

Large language model (LLM) agents exhibit strong mathematical problem-solving abilities and can even solve International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) level problems with the assistance of formal proof systems. However, due to weak heuristics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Haiteng Zhao , Junhao Shen , Yiming Zhang , Songyang Gao , Kuikun Liu , Tianyou Ma , Fan Zheng , Dahua Lin , Wenwei Zhang , Kai Chen

As a seemingly self-explanatory task, problem-solving has been a significant component of science and engineering. However, a general yet concrete formulation of problem-solving itself is missing. With the recent development of AI-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Qi Liu , Xinhao Zheng , Renqiu Xia , Xingzhi Qi , Qinxiang Cao , Junchi Yan

Efficient and accurate autoformalization methods, which leverage large-scale datasets of extensive natural language mathematical problems to construct formal language datasets, are key to advancing formal mathematical reasoning. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jiaxuan Xie , Chengwu Liu , Ye Yuan , Siqi Li , Zhiping Xiao , Ming Zhang

Recent neuro-symbolic geometry theorem provers have made significant progress on Euclidean problems by coupling neural guidance with symbolic verification. However, most existing systems operate almost exclusively in a symbolic space,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Minfeng Zhu , Zi Wang , Sizhe Ji , Zhengtong Du , Shengqiang Tai , Junming Ke , Xiao Deng , Zanlang Yin , Xiuqi Huang , Heyu Wang , Wei Chen

We present AlphaGeometry2 (AG2), a significantly improved version of AlphaGeometry introduced in (Trinh et al., 2024), which has now surpassed an average gold medalist in solving Olympiad geometry problems. To achieve this, we first extend…

Geometric problem solving has always been a long-standing challenge in the fields of mathematical reasoning and artificial intelligence. We built a neural-symbolic system, called FGeo-HyperGNet, to automatically perform human-like geometric…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Xiaokai Zhang , Yang Li , Na Zhu , Cheng Qin , Zhenbing Zeng , Tuo Leng

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, demonstrate a strong understanding of human natural language and have been explored and applied in various fields, including reasoning, creative writing, code generation, translation, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Zhenlong Li , Huan Ning

Geometric spatial reasoning forms the foundation of many applications in artificial intelligence, yet the ability of large language models (LLMs) to operate over geometric spatial information expressed in procedural code remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shixian Luo , Zezhou Zhu , Yu Yuan , Yuncheng Yang , Lianlei Shan , Yong Wu

As large language models (LLMs) reach high scores on established mathematical benchmarks, such as GSM8K and MATH, the research community has turned to International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) problems to push the evaluation frontier.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Ziye Chen , Chengwei Qin , Yao Shu

Wireless localization of permanent magnets enables occlusion-free guidance for medical interventions, yet its practical accuracy is fundamentally limited by two coupled challenges: the poor observability of conventional planar sensor arrays…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Wenxuan Xie , Yuelin Zhang , Qingpeng Ding , Jianghua Chen , Jiewen Tan , Jiwei Shan , Shing Shin Cheng

Geometric diagrams are critical in conveying mathematical and scientific concepts, yet traditional diagram generation methods are often manual and resource-intensive. While text-to-image generation has made strides in photorealistic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Junxiao Wang , Ting Zhang , Heng Yu , Jingdong Wang , Hua Huang

Geometric reasoning remains a core challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Even the most advanced closed-source systems, such as GPT-O3 and Gemini-2.5-Pro, still struggle to solve geometry problems reliably, despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yuying Li , Siyi Qian , Hao Liang , Leqi Zheng , Ruichuan An , Yongzhen Guo , Wentao Zhang

Applying AI foundation models directly to geospatial datasets remains challenging due to their limited ability to represent and reason with geographical entities, specifically vector-based geometries and natural language descriptions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yuhan Ji , Song Gao , Ying Nie , Ivan Majić , Krzysztof Janowicz

Geometry problem solving (GPS) requires capacities of multi-modal understanding, multi-hop reasoning and theorem knowledge application. In this paper, we propose a neural-symbolic model for plane geometry problem solving (PGPS), named…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Ming-Liang Zhang , Zhong-Zhi Li , Fei Yin , Liang Lin , Cheng-Lin Liu

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) often struggle with geometric reasoning due to visual hallucinations and a lack of mathematically precise Chain-of-Thought (CoT) data. To address this, we propose the GeoSym Engine, an automated and scalable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jinhao Jing , Zheng Ma , Jinwei Liang , Qiannian Zhao , Shawn Chen , Jing Yang , Por Lip Yee , Prayag Tiwari , Jingjing Bai , Benyou Wang , Lewei Lu , Zhan Su

Generating high-quality geometry problems is both an important and challenging task in education. Compared to math word problems, geometry problems further emphasize multi-modal formats and the translation between informal and formal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Zhuoxuan Jiang , Tianyang Zhang , Peiyan Peng , Jing Chen , Yinong Xun , Haotian Zhang , Lichi Li , Yong Li , Shaohua Zhang

With the rapid advancement of large language models, there has been a growing interest in their capabilities in mathematical reasoning. However, existing research has primarily focused on text-based algebra problems, neglecting the study of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Zihan Huang , Tao Wu , Wang Lin , Shengyu Zhang , Jingyuan Chen , Fei Wu

Autoformalization, which translates natural language mathematics into formal statements to enable machine reasoning, faces fundamental challenges in the wild due to the multimodal nature of the physical world, where physics requires…

Formal mathematics is the discipline of translating mathematics into a programming language in which any statement can be unequivocally checked by a computer. Mathematicians and computer scientists have spent decades of painstaking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Johnathan Mercer